Non-diffeomorphic Reeb foliations and modified Godbillon-Vey class

The paper deals with a modified Godbillon-Vey class defined by Losik for codimension-one foliations. This characteristic class takes values in the cohomology of the second order frame bundle over the leaf space of the foliation. The definition of the Reeb foliation depends upon two real functions satisfying certain conditions. All these foliations are pairwise homeomorphic and have trivial Godbillon-Vey class. We show that the modified Godbillon-Vey is non-trivial for some Reeb foliations and it is trivial for some other Reeb foliations. In particular, the modified Godbillon-Vey class can distinguish non-diffeomorphic foliations and it provides more information than the classical Godbillon-Vey class. We also show that this class is non-trivial for some foliations on the two-dimensional surfaces.Comment: a corrected versio

Innovative development of Russian coastal regions: North–south divergence

Coastal regions are territorial social systems whose socio-economic and innovative development is strongly influenced by the factor of coastalisation. The effect of movement to the sea determines the dynamics of settlement systems as well as their economic and infrastructure development. This holds for transport, logistics, information and communications, industrial, and other infrastructure. Coastal regions are so diverse that it is impossible to construct a development model that will fit all of them. One can speak only of general trends. This study focuses on identifying differences between the innovation systems of northern and southern coastal regions within the same country. The geographical scope of the study is four Russian coastal territories: Murmansk and Arkhangelsk in the Baltic Sea region and Rostov and Krasnodar in the Azov-Black Sea region. Methodologically, this study carries out a comparative assessment of heterogeneity of innovative development at municipal and interregional levels, using four groups of indicators: human capital, economic growth and clustering, innovation and digitalisation, and quality and standards of living. All these components are vital for regional innovative development. A statistical assessment is supplemented by a qualitative analysis of spatial patterns of innovation capital accumulation; the agglomeration factor is taken into account. It is shown that northern and southern coastal regions perform very differently on innovative development, the latter doing better than the former. Three main models of innovation generation, implementation, and accumulation of coastal regions are described. Each is associated with a different way to benefit from proximity to the sea. These are maritime activities, maritime transport, and the economic use of recreational, natural and climatic resources

The blood preservation in surgical treatment of the mitral disease of the heart

Objective. Investigation of modern possibilities of the bloodless technique of surgical treatment of the mitral valve failure (МVF) in environment of artificial blood circulation (ABC). Маterials and methods. There were examined 727 patients, suffering MVF. All the patients were divided into two groups: the main and a comparative one. The main group have consisted of 637 patients, in whom various variants of the blood preservation without its transfusion were applied, without application of a cell-saver, hemoconcentrating columns and the blood ultrafiltration; and a comparative one group have consisted of 90 patients, to whom the blood preparations were transfused. The procedure depicted have provided the anesthesia and the perfusion measures during operation of the mitral valve change, including аs well the peculiarities of the intraoperative infusion therapy management in the ABC conditions. Results. In the main group of patients the rate of  postoperative infectious complications have constituted 1.2%, while in a comparative one - 9.9%. Median duration of stay on the artificial pulmonary ventilation have constituted (6.7 ± 2.3) and (12.3 ± 8.4) hours accordingly. The average duration of stay in reanimation department was (58.4 ± 12.4) and (116.3 ± 45.2) hours, accordingly (р < 0.05). The intraoperative blood loss volume in the main group was significantly lesser, than in a comparative one: (261.2 ± 33.8) and (533.1 ± 131.6) ml, accordingly (р < 0.05). On all stages of the operation and in postoperative period the level of hemoglobin have persisted in a compensation period range, what constitutes a safe level of the blood oxygen capacity. Conclusion. Introduction of intraoperative variants of the autologous blood reservation without application of the donor’s blood, сеll-saver and hemoconcentration columns is not accompanied with lowering of  the oxygen delivery and consumption, as well as development of lactate-acidosis. The improved procedure of anesthesiological support consisted of the infusion-transfusion therapy conduction with stimulation of diuresis, the water balance control, applying combination of an acute normovolemic hemodilution with ABC, and lowering of hemodilution due to retrograde filling of oxygenator by autologous blood. As well there were applied various methods of the autologous blood exfusion and its components combinations, change of tactics in the infusion hemostatic therapy; a central venous pressure control and support of median arterial pressure. Introduction of the procedure depicted have guaranteed a good clinical effect without complications of transfusion on a hospital stage of the patients’ management

Gamma radiation exposure of MCT diode arrays

Investigations of electrical properties of long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) arrays exposed to gamma-radiation have been performed. Resistance-area product characteristics of LWIR n{+}-p photodiodes have been investigated using microprobe technique at T=78 K before and after an exposure to various doses of gamma-radiation. The current transport mechanisms for those structures are described within the framework of the balance equation model taking into account the occupation of the trap states in the band gap.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Semiconductor Science and Technolog

The Spatial Development of the Rural Settlement of East Prussia: Kaliningrad Region

The present system of displacement of the Kaliningrad region's population results from a complicated historical process, during which the socio-economic, geopolitical and cultural conditions were repeatedly changed in which it was established. An analysis of the changes taking place at that time and now provides the basis for the preparation of forecasts of further transformation of the region's spatial environment, one of the most important tasks for specialists of the contemporary geographical science. In the publication, the authors examine the key historical stages of the creation of the modern system of displacement of the region's population and identify the key economic, political and social factors that had an impact on the process at various historical stages of development of East Prussia until 1945 and the contemporary Kaliningrad region. The so-called Nizhnenemanskaya lowland area was chosen as a local example of the transformation processes of the modern part of the Slavsk municipal district (north of the Kaliningrad region). The research results were obtained in the analysis of the cartographic material on the status of the area related to the study of three time stages, 1834-1960, 1914-1939 and 2010-2012. It became possible to compare the cartographic material featuring such a broad time horizon due to the project of the Russian Geographical Society ‘Post-War Changes in the Kaliningrad Region (based on Topographic Maps)'. Based on the performed analysis, at the end of the article the authors formulated the key forward-looking trends in the development of the Kaliningrad region's rural settlement taking into account the historical features of its foundation as well as the forecast of the social and economic development of the Russian exclave. Keywords: Kaliningrad region, East Prussia, settlement system, spatial organisation JEL Classifications: R00; R

The Concept of "Fast Track Surgery" as an Influencer on the Dynamics of Components of Stress-Realizing and Stress-Limiting Systems in the Perioperative Period

The concept of "Fast Track Surgery" has been of increasing interest, which implies accelerated recovery and a decrease in the frequency of postoperative complications, namely, a decrease in the body's stress response to surgery. The study aimed to assess the effect of Fast Track Surgery on the degree of surgical treatment trauma based on the dynamics of the functional integration of hormonal components of the stress-realizing / stress-limiting systems in the perioperative period. The study was conducted in 3 groups of patients. Groups of patients are comparable in age, sex, diagnosis of an underlying disease, degree of operative-anaesthetic risk ASA, intraoperative parameters, which allowed to carry out an analytical evaluation of the results of the study as objectively and reliably as possible. In the postoperative period, the maximum increase in stress-realizing system parameters in all groups was registered in patients after 1 day after surgery, less significant after LSSI-F: the concentration of daily excretion of dopamine exceeded the preoperative values by 1.2 times, epinephrine 2.0 times, norepinephrine in 1.3 times. Along with the activation of the stress-realizing system, a dynamic increase in the activity of the stress-limiting system was noted: after LSSI-F, the level of GABA increased by 1.3 times, after TSSI, the GABA secretion increased 1.2-fold. Laparoscopic SSI in combination with "Fast Track Surgery" contributed to a decrease in the intensity of the patient's stress response to the operating injury, which, in turn, significantly increased the effectiveness of simultaneous treatment and the quality of life of patients