Giant fibroadenoma of the breast in a pre-pubertal girl: a case report

Juvenile fibroadenoma comprises about 4% of the total fibroadenomas. The incidence of giant juvenile fibroadenomas is merely 0.5% of all the fibroadenomas. Bilateral giant juvenile fibroadenomas are extremely rare. We are presenting a case of giant juvenile fibroadenomas in an 11-year-old pre-pubertal girl. The diagnosis was made on fine-needle aspiration cytology which was confirmed on histopathology. As these tumors are mostly benign, breast-conserving surgery is done so that patient can lead a normal life without psychological trauma.-----------------------------------Cite this article as: Goyal S, Garg G, Narang S. Giant fibroadenoma of the breast in a pre-pubertal girl: a case report. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2014; 2(1):020113.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0201.1

Design of Swap Space in Virtual Memory Management System

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Male breast carcinoma and review of the literature

Male breast cancer is a rare disease with unclear etiology. Its incidence is about 0.5-1%. Usually, these male patients present in advance stages due to non-specific clinical features and due to lack of awareness. Treatment scheduling is similar to female breast cancer

Giant fibroadenoma of the breast in a pre-pubertal girl: a case report

Juvenile fibroadenoma comprises about 4% of the total fibroadenomas. The incidence of giant juvenile fibroadenomas is merely 0.5% of all the fibroadenomas. Bilateral giant juvenile fibroadenomas are extremely rare. We are presenting a case of giant juvenile fibroadenomas in an 11-year-old pre-pubertal girl. The diagnosis was made on fine-needle aspiration cytology which was confirmed on histopathology. As these tumors are mostly benign, breast-conserving surgery is done so that patient can lead a normal life without psychological trauma.-----------------------------------Cite this article as: Goyal S, Garg G, Narang S. Giant fibroadenoma of the breast in a pre-pubertal girl: a case report. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2014; 2(1):020113.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0201.13</p

Feature Extraction and Classification of Handwritten Patterns using Neural Networks

ABSTRACT Handwritten Pattern recognition has been one of the most captivating and interesting areas in the field of Image processing and soft computing. The biggest challenge faced by current technology is the recognition of patterns or object accurately. To train machines for the task of recognition is a tedious job due to variability in patterns and different writing styles, yet they provide useful solution thereby saving time and money. Neural networks provide an efficient solution to the problem of recognition. The paper presents a system that culminates efficient steps of pre-processing along with the training of neural network and hence providing better results of recognition. The system aims to reduce processing time while simultaneously improving recognition rates

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in situs inversus totalis: A review article

Background: Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by transposition of organs to the opposite side of the body. Diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis in such cases pose a challenge to the operating surgeon because of an atypical clinical picture and the contra lateral disposition of the viscera. Methods: A literature search using the PubMed and Cochrane databases identified articles focusing on the key issues of laparoscopy cholecystectomy in situs inversus. Conclusions: Without doubt, laparoscopic cholecystectomy in these patients is technically more demanding but still feasible and should be performed by trained and experienced laparoscopic surgeons. Difficulty is encountered in skeletonizing the structures in Calot's triangle, which usually requires extra time than in patients with a normally located gall bladder. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2016; 5(3.000): 169-176

Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Expression and its Correlation with Various Clinicopathological Parameters in Ovarian Tumors

Background: This study evaluates estrogen and progesterone expressions in patients with ovarian tumors (both benign and malignant) and their correlation with various clinicopathological prognostic parameters. Receptors for estrogen and progesterone are predictive and prognostic markers of endometrial and breast cancers. However, their clinical significance in epithelial ovarian cancer is not clear due to conflicting data from only a few immunohistochemical studies available in the literature. Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 cases of ovarian tumors, 20 benign and 40 malignant. Estrogen and progesterone expressions were studied by immuno- histochemistry and correlated with various clinicopathological parameters such as, menopausal status, histological type, WHO grade and FIGO stage. Results: Out of 20 benign tumors the estrogen receptor was positive in 10 (50%) and progesterone receptor was positive in 14 (70%) tumors. In 40 malignant tumors, the estrogen receptor was positive in 13 (32.5%) and progesterone receptor was positive in 11 (27.5%) cases. There was statistically significant estrogen receptor expression observed in serous tumors (P=0.001). When compared with other clinico- pathological parameters, we noted a significant association between progesterone receptor expression and favorable prognostic parameters such as young age, benign tumors and early FIGO stage. Conclusion: There were variable expressions of the estrogen and progesterone receptors in ovarian tumors. Progesterone receptor expression was associated with favorable prognostic factors that included younger age, benign tumor and low FIGO stage. No such association was observed with estrogen receptor expression