Насильство у телесеріалах та формування гендерної ідентичності в молодіжній аудиторії (Violence in television series, and the formation of gender identity in the youth audience)

У статті з’ясовано, як закріплено і передано комунікативний образ гендерного насильства в телесеріалах, і навпаки, як і чому суспільство, культура дозволяють зберігати насильство в самому дискурсі телесеріалу. Зроблено висновок, що не варто безапеляційно усувати складні і болючі теми насильства із телесеріалів. Підкреслюється, що їхня художня інтерпретація допоможе почати новий діалог у сучасній культурі про повагу до індивідуальної неповторності людської особистості, включаючи її гендерну ідентичність. За цих умов дискурс насильства на телебаченні стане іншим. (The article revealed how the communicative image of gender violence in television series is fixed and transferred, and conversely, how and why society and culture can store the violence in the television series discourse. Television is a social institution because of its features: daily routine availability, existence in the area of psychological proximity to the viewer. It is one of the most important factors influencing the development of the individual. Media violence plays the tangible role in this process, which is not only psychological but also social and philosophical issue. This is a problem of society that takes violence as an aesthetic and instrumental value. Gender-based violence is a social phenomenon, complex, diverse in structure, which was well formed before civilized society. In the mass consciousness the genderbased violence is often reduced to the stereotype of physical abuse of men over women. This stereotype has been gladly reproduced by showrunners. But this is a narrow one-sided approach. In fact, gender-based violence in any society and in any polity is a sociocultural phenomenon especially in their motivations and consequences. Being universal, it exists in various forms in almost all spheres of life. But it is not advisable to categorically deny the difficult and painful themes of violence. It is important that their creative interpretation will initiate a new dialogue in contemporary culture. If the discourse of how gender stereotypes give rise to violence and abuse could be changed in the television series cinematic trend in the direction of tolerance, respect for the individuality of the human person, including its gender identity, then, perhaps, the illumination of violence on television will be different

Influence of Cord Blood Fraction (below 5 kDa) on Reparative Processes during Subchronic Ulcerative Gastropathy

The low molecular fraction (below 5 kDa) was extracted from cord blood by ultrafiltration. It has been shown that the cord blood fraction possesses antiulcer activity on the model subchronic stomach ulcer. The cord blood fraction injections caused a significant reduction in the area of ulcer lesions and promoted recovery of microcirculation, thickness, and structure of gland layer, which was accompanied by a decrease in leucocytes infiltration and an increase in glycosaminoglycans synthesis. That resulted in a faster recovery of mucus membrane of stomach as compared withActovegin. Application of the cord blood fraction in animals with stomach ulcer normalized the alkaline phosphatase activity and thiobarbituric acid-active product content. Gel-penetrating chromatography showed that the patterns of the low molecular substances from cord blood andActovegindiffered both qualitatively and quantitatively.</jats:p

Update on the Role of Actovegin in Musculoskeletal Medicine: A Review of the Past 10 Years

Background: Actovegin is a biological drug with a controversial history of use in the treatment of sports injuries during the past 60 years. Particular concerns have been raised about its ergogenic potential to enhance performance, but some of these have been based on little more than anecdote. Objectives: In this article, we review the most recent scientific evidence to determine the clinical efficacy, safety profile, and legal status of Actovegin. Methods: We considered all studies directly commenting on experience with Actovegin use as the primary intervention within the past 10 years. Outcomes included mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy in enhancing muscle repair, any report of safety issues, and any evidence for ergogenic effect. Results: Our database search returned 212 articles, abstracts were screened, and after inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, 25 articles were considered: Publications included 11 primary research articles (7 in vitro studies and 4 clinical trials), 8 review articles, 5 editorials, and a single case report. Conclusions: Current literature is still yet to define the active compound(s) of Actovegin, but suggests that it shows antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, and may also upregulate macrophage responses central to muscle repair. Clinical efficacy was supported by one new original research article, and the use of Actovegin to treat muscle injuries remains safe and supported. Two articles argued the ergogenic effect of Actovegin, but in vitro findings did not to translate to the outcomes of a clinical trial. An adequate and meaningful scientific approach remains difficult in a field where there is immense pressure to deliver cutting-edge therapies

Possibilities of matrix lead alloy doping at non-gasostatic carbon-graphite impregnation

The study covers the process of carbon-graphite – lead composite formation by impregnating a porous AG-1500 scaffold with a lead melt containing 2.0 at.% Cu. The paper describes the kinetics of filling the carbon-graphite open porosity with molten metal with the continuously heated furnace and impregnating device. A feature of this method is the volumetric expansion of the lead alloy impregnating porous carbon-graphite. It is placed in a sealed steel container filled with lead by 2/3 of its volume with further vacuuming, melt adding and sealing. Then the device is placed in the furnace so that the lead-copper alloy, already having a temperature below the liquidus temperature by 20–30 °C when heated in the furnace to 900 °C, impregnates the carbon-graphite scaffold with further expansion at constant heating. Porous scaffold capillaries are filled as the melt temperature continuously increases. Once graphite-carbon impregnated with lead alloy is taken out, it was investigated using X-ray spectral and energy-dispersive analysis. It was found that the elements of the impregnating alloy were redistributed at the carbon-graphite scaffold/Pb alloy interface depending on its initial composition. During the carbon-graphite scaffold impregnation with the Pb–2%Сu alloy under a pressure of up to 5 MPa, copper redistribution occurs on its inner pore surface and the boundary with the alloy, which leads to the formation of an interphase layer containing 70 % Cu. The conducted research made it possible to obtain a composite with a copper content of 1.85 at.% in the impregnating Pb alloy at the interface with carbon graphite.</jats:p