1,100 research outputs found
A next-to-leading order study of photon-pion and pion pair hadro-production in the light of the Higgs boson search at the LHC
We discuss the production of photon-pion and pion pairs with a large
invariant mass at collider energies. We present a study based on a perturbative
QCD calculation at full next-to-leading order accuracy, implemented in the
computer programme DIPHOX. We give estimations for various observables, which
concern the reducible background to the Higgs boson search in the channel H -->
gamma gamma, in the mass range 80-140 GeV at the LHC. We critically discuss the
reliability of these estimates due to our imperfect knowledge of fragmentation
functions at high z and a subtle interplay between higher order corrections and
realistic experimental cuts. We conclude that, whereas the invariant mass
spectrum of photon-pion pairs is theoretically better under control, in the
dipion case large uncertainties remain.Comment: 26 pages Latex, 14 eps figures, replaced by published versio
A full Next to Leading Order study of direct photon pair production in hadronic collisions
We discuss the production of photon pairs in hadronic collisions, from fixed
target to LHC energies. The study which follows is based on a QCD calculation
at full next-to-leading order accuracy, including single and double
fragmentation contributions, and implemented in the form of a general purpose
computer program of "partonic event generator" type. To illustrate the
possibilities of this code, we present the comparison with observables measured
by the WA70 and D0 collaborations, and some predictions for the irreducible
background to the search of Higgs bosons at LHC in the channel . We also discuss theoretical scale uncertainties for these predictions,
and examine several infrared sensitive situations which deserve further study.Comment: 45 pages Latex, 16 eps files plus some metafont files; replaced by
the version to appear in Eur. Phys. J.
Spin-Exchange Interaction in ZnO-based Quantum Wells
Wurtzitic ZnO/(Zn,Mg)O quantum wells grown along the (0001) direction permit
unprecedented tunability of the short-range spin exchange interaction. In the
context of large exciton binding energies and electron-hole exchange
interaction in ZnO, this tunability results from the competition between
quantum confinement and giant quantum confined Stark effect. By using
time-resolved photoluminescence we identify, for well widths under 3 nm, the
redistribution of oscillator strengths between the A and B excitonic
transitions, due to the enhancement of the exchange interaction. Conversely,
for wider wells, the redistribution is cancelled by the dominant effect of
internal electric fields, which dramatically reduce the exchange energy.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure
Resonant excitonic emission of a single quantum dot in the Rabi regime
We report on coherent resonant emission of the fundamental exciton state in a
single semiconductor GaAs quantum dot. Resonant regime with picoseconde laser
excitation is realized by embedding the quantum dots in a waveguiding
structure. As the pulse intensity is increased, Rabi oscillation is observed up
to three periods. The Rabi regime is achieved owing to an enhanced light-matter
coupling in the waveguide. This is due to a \emph{slow light effect}
(), occuring when an intense resonant pulse propagates in a
medium. The resonant control of the quantum dot fundamental transition opens
new possibilities in quantum state manipulation and quantum optics experiments
in condensed matter physics.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
The effect of baryons on the variance and the skewness of the mass distribution in the Universe at small scales
We study the dissipative effects of baryon physics on cosmic statistics at small scales using a cosmological simulation of a (50 Mpc h−1)3 volume of universe. The MareNostrum simulation was performed using the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code ramses, and includes most of the physical ingredients which are part of the current theory of galaxy formation, such as metal-dependent cooling and UV heating, subgrid modelling of the interstellar medium, star formation and supernova feedback. We reran the same initial conditions for a dark matter only universe, as a reference point for baryon-free cosmic statistics. In this paper, we present the measured small-scale amplification of σ2 and S3 due to baryonic physics and their interpretation in the framework of the halo model. As shown in recent studies, the effect of baryons on the matter power spectrum can be accounted for at scales k≲ 10 h Mpc−1 by modifying the halo concentration parameter. We propose to extend this result by using a composite halo profile, which is a linear combination of a Navarro, Frenk and White profile for the dark matter component and an exponential disc profile mimicking the baryonic component at the heart of the halo. This halo profile form is physically motivated and depends on two parameters, the mass fraction f d of baryons in the disc and the ratio λd of the disc's characteristic scale to the halo's virial radius. We find this composite profile to reproduce both the small-scale variance and skewness boosts measured in the simulation up to k∼ 102 h Mpc−1 for physically meaningful values of the parameters f d and λd. Although simulations like the one presented here usually suffer from various problems when compared to observations, our modified halo model could be used as a fitting model to improve the determination of cosmological parameters from weak lensing convergence spectra and skewness measurement
Spontaneously appearing vector vortex beams in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with feedback
[Abstract unavailable
Local disorder and optical properties in V-shaped quantum wires : towards one-dimensional exciton systems
The exciton localization is studied in GaAs/GaAlAs V-shaped quantum wires
(QWRs) by high spatial resolution spectroscopy. Scanning optical imaging of
different generations of samples shows that the localization length has been
enhanced as the growth techniques were improved. In the best samples, excitons
are delocalized in islands of length of the order of 1 micron, and form a
continuum of 1D states in each of them, as evidenced by the sqrt(T) dependence
of the radiative lifetime. On the opposite, in the previous generation of QWRs,
the localization length is typically 50 nm and the QWR behaves as a collection
of quantum boxes. These localization properties are compared to structural
properties and related to the progresses of the growth techniques. The presence
of residual disorder is evidenced in the best samples and explained by the
separation of electrons and holes due to the large in-built piezo-electric
field present in the structure.Comment: 8 figure
Spontaneous formation of vector vortex beams in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with feedback
The spontaneous emergence of vector vortex beams with nonuniform polarization distribution is reported in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with frequency-selective feedback. Antivortices with a hyperbolic polarization structure and radially polarized vortices are demonstrated. They exist close to and partially coexist with vortices with uniform and nonuniform polarization distributions characterized by four domains of pairwise orthogonal polarization. The spontaneous formation of these nontrivial structures in a simple, nearly isotropic VCSEL system is remarkable and the vector vortices are argued to have solitonlike properties
- …