Effect of Bono de Desarrollo Humano (Conditional Cash Transfer 1 Programme) on childhood mortality: a nationwide analysis of 2 Ecuadorian counties

Background: The mortality rate in children under five years old (U5MR) has decreased 24 considerably in Ecuador; however, thousands of children continue to die from causes 25 related to poverty. A social program known as Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH) was 26 created to guarantee a minimum level of consumption for families and to reduce chronic 27 malnutrition and preventable and preventable childhood diseases. 28 Objective: To evaluate the effect of the Bono de Desarrollo Humano programme on 29 mortality of children younger than 5 years, particularly from malnutrition, diarrheal 30 diseases, and lower respiratory tract infections. 31 Methods: Mortality rates and the BDH coverage from 2009 to 2014 was evaluated from 32 the 144 (of 222) Ecuadorian counties with intermediate and adequate quality of vital 33 information. A multivariable regression analyses for panel data was conducted by using 34 a negative binomial regression model with fixed effects, adjusted for relevant 35 demographic and socioeconomic covariates. 36 Results: For each 1% increase in BDH coverage, calculated from the county population 37 (CP) or the eligible population (EP), there would be a decrease in U5MR of 3% (RR 38 0.971, 95% CI 0.953-0.999) and 1.5% (RR 0.985, CI 0.973-0.998), respectively. A 39 lower effect of BDH on mortality resulting from respiratory infections was observed 40 (BDH-CP coverage: reduction of 0.8%, 95% CI 0.984-0.999 and BDH-PE coverage: 41 reduction of 0.5%, 95% CI 0.989-0.999). The BDH also reduced hospital discharge 42 rates in children younger than 5 years, resulting from all causes and for diarrhea. 43 Conclusion: 44 A conditional cash transfer program such as Bono de Desarrollo Humano could 45 contribute to the reduction of mortality due to causes related to poverty, such as 46 malnutrition and respiratory infections. Ecuador, being a country that has recently 47 3 increased the amount of the BDH, requires making a careful monitoring and evaluation 48 of the impact of the program to ensure that truly reduce inequities and improves health

Strong effect of Ecuador\u27s conditional cash transfer program on childhood mortality from poverty-related diseases: A nationwide analysis

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: The mortality rate in children under 5 years old (U5MR) has decreased considerably in Ecuador in the last decade; however, thousands of children continue to die from causes related to poverty. A social program known as Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH) was created to guarantee a minimum level of consumption for families and to reduce chronic malnutrition and preventable childhood diseases. We sought to evaluate the effect of the BDH program on mortality of children younger than 5 years, particularly from malnutrition, diarrheal diseases, and lower respiratory tract infections. Methods: Mortality rates and BDH coverage from 2009 to 2014 were evaluated from the 144 (of 222) Ecuadorian counties with intermediate and high quality of vital information. A multivariable regression analyses for panel data was conducted by using a negative binomial regression model with fixed effects, adjusted for all relevant demographic and socioeconomic covariates. Results: Our research shows that for each 1% increase in BDH county coverage there would be a decrease in U5MR from malnutrition of 3% (RR 0.971, 95% CI 0.953-0.989). An effect of BDH county coverage on mortality resulting from respiratory infections was also observed (RR 0.992, 95% CI 0.984-0.999). The BDH also reduced hospitalization rates in children younger than 5 years, overall and for diarrhea. Conclusions: A conditional cash transfer program such as BDH could contribute to the reduction of mortality due to causes related to poverty, such as malnutrition and respiratory infections. The coverage should be maintained -or increased in a period of economic crisis- and its implementation strengthened

Imported taeniasis in the context of colon hydrotherapy

Key Clinical Message We report a case of imported taeniasis, under the modality of “visiting friends and relatives”, in the context of colon hydrotherapy. This technique allows the detection of proglottids, diagnosed in this case as Taenia saginata based on the gravid proglottid that presented more than 13 uterine branches and showed active motility. Moreover, the patient did not consume pork for religious reasons. The treatment with paromomicin sulfate was effective. In this case, a trip to Ethiopia, together with the ingestion of raw beef, was the cause of parasitization. It is highly advisable to obtain detailed information from the patient on their background, especially their travel and dietary histories

Application of a Heuristic-Diffuse Model to Support Decision-Making in Assessing the Post-seismic Structural Damage of a Building

This research paper aims to evaluate structural damage of a building after a telluric movement occurred, by applying a heuristic-diffuse model to support the decision-making of experts in the seismic area. Ecuador is located in a highly seismic area, so it is necessary to study damage to the building structures after a telluric movement. Current damage assessment techniques are based on quantitative results, creating uncertainty. When an earthquake occurs, there is not enough certified staff, so professionals are attended without the experience to carry out the assessments and this involves the final decisions that are made not the most accurate. For the evaluation model proposed in this research, the AHP (Analytical Hierarchical Process) methodology is used in order to be able to determine the relative weights of the groups of variables that make up the building, this methodology consists of a heuristic method based on expert experience on a specific topic and in conjunction with fuzzy logic techniques will allow to work directly with the qualitative values of the data, thus providing subjective results easy to interpret that will serve as a decision-making aid. Once you have entered the data corresponding to the damage in the structural elements such as columns or beams, non-structural elements such as the facade, and data related to the type of soil, you get the levels or index of overall structural damage, non-structural and soil conditions, the level of habitability of the building is determined by applying fuzzy rules based on Mamdani’s inference