High-Risk Corneal Graft Rejection in the Setting of Previous Corneal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-1 Infection

Acknowledgments The authors thank M. Robertson and R. Fordyce for technical support during the duration of the study. The work performed in Aberdeen was supported by grant from Action Medical Research UK (SP4328; London, England, UK), NHS Grampian Endowment grant (12/49; Aberdeen, Scotland, UK), and Saving Sight in Grampian (Charity No.SC002938; Aberdeen, Scotland, UK). The work performed in Pittsburgh was supported by a Fight for Sight Post-Doctoral Award (JEK; New York, NY, USA); unrestricted grants from the Western Pennsylvania Medical Eye Bank Foundation (Pittsburgh, PA, USA), Research to Prevent Blindness (New York, NY, USA), and the Eye and Ear Foundation of Pittsburgh (RLH; Pittsburgh, PA, USA); and National Institutes of Health Grants P30EY08098 (RLH; Bethesda, MD, USA) and EY10359 (RLH).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Perspectives on the incidence of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

TOPIC: To provide an overview on the incidence of Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although being a major and sight-threatening cause of infectious keratitis in the population, a comprehensive assessment of the incidence of this condition is lacking. METHODS: Incidence of AK was computed as the number of AK eyes, per healthcare center, per year (annualized-center-incidence, or ACI). Two meta-analytical ratios were also calculated: a) the ratio of AK eyes to the count of non-viral microbial keratitis (MK) eyes; b) the ratio of AK eyes to the overall population (i.e., the total number of subjects of a nation or region, as indicated by the authors in each study). Center was defined as the healthcare facility (e.g., Hospital, Private Practice, Clinic) where the study took place. Actual and projected estimates of the number of AK eyes in years were calculated multiplying the ratio of AK to the total population and the corresponding present and projected population estimates (age range: 15 to 70), sourced from the United Nations (UN) Population Prospects. RESULTS: Overall, 105 articles were included, published between 1987 and 2022. The total number of eyes identified was 91,951, with 5,660 affected by AK and 86,291 by non-viral MK. The median ACI was 1.9 new AK eyes per healthcare center per year (95%CI of the median: 1.5 to 2.6), with no statistically significant differences observed among continents. The ratio of AK eyes to the total number of MK eyes was 1.52% (95%CI: 1.02% to 2.24%), while the ratio of AK in relation to the entire population was estimated at 0.0002% (95%CI: 0.0001 to 0.0006), or 2.34 eyes per 1,000,000 subjects (95%CI: 0.98 to 5.55 per 1.000.000 subjects). The projected increase in the numbers of AK eyes indicates a rise of +18.5% (15,356 AK eyes) in 2053 and +25.5% (16,253 AK eyes) in 2073, compared to the baseline of 2023 (12,954 AK eyes) CONCLUSION: AK emerged as a relatively low-incident disorder, and no significant differences in terms of its incidence were found among different continents

AmeliCA: A community-driven sustainable framework for Open Knowledge in Latin America and the Global South

The Latin American region has an ecosystem where the nature of publication is conceived as the act of making public, of sharing and not as the publishing industry. Scholarly institutions and universities composed an informal and non-explicit cooperative that finances journals with its own faculty members and publish them in Open Access, which means that everybody gets benefit from everybody else?s investment. Nevertheless, Latin American Open Access ecosystem is facing a fragmentation. One can identify at least two main approaches: one determined by the so called ?mainstream science? through the indexation in WoS or Scopus as the only-way to validate research; and a second approach that recognizes institutional and regional quality research, that strengthens publishers inside universities by empowering editors with technology and training and that claims for a more responsible research assessment, with custom strategies but with the capacity to interact in a global scale. This work shows AmeliCA, a concrete initiative that emerged as a result of the convergence of various stakeholders that shares the second approach.AmeliCA is a configuration of strategies, in response to the international, regional, national and institutional contexts, that seeks a cooperative, sustainable, protected and non-commercial Open Access solution for Latin America that can be extended to the Global South.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

AmeliCA: A community-driven sustainable framework for Open Knowledge in Latin America and the Global South

The Latin American region has an ecosystem where the nature of publication is conceived as the act of making public, of sharing and not as the publishing industry. Scholarly institutions and universities composed an informal and non-explicit cooperative that finances journals with its own faculty members and publish them in Open Access, which means that everybody gets benefit from everybody else?s investment. Nevertheless, Latin American Open Access ecosystem is facing a fragmentation. One can identify at least two main approaches: one determined by the so called ?mainstream science? through the indexation in WoS or Scopus as the only-way to validate research; and a second approach that recognizes institutional and regional quality research, that strengthens publishers inside universities by empowering editors with technology and training and that claims for a more responsible research assessment, with custom strategies but with the capacity to interact in a global scale. This work shows AmeliCA, a concrete initiative that emerged as a result of the convergence of various stakeholders that shares the second approach.AmeliCA is a configuration of strategies, in response to the international, regional, national and institutional contexts, that seeks a cooperative, sustainable, protected and non-commercial Open Access solution for Latin America that can be extended to the Global South.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

AmeliCA: A community-driven sustainable framework for Open Knowledge in Latin America and the Global South

The Latin American region has an ecosystem where the nature of publication is conceived as the act of making public, of sharing and not as the publishing industry. Scholarly institutions and universities composed an informal and non-explicit cooperative that finances journals with its own faculty members and publish them in Open Access, which means that everybody gets benefit from everybody else?s investment. Nevertheless, Latin American Open Access ecosystem is facing a fragmentation. One can identify at least two main approaches: one determined by the so called ?mainstream science? through the indexation in WoS or Scopus as the only-way to validate research; and a second approach that recognizes institutional and regional quality research, that strengthens publishers inside universities by empowering editors with technology and training and that claims for a more responsible research assessment, with custom strategies but with the capacity to interact in a global scale. This work shows AmeliCA, a concrete initiative that emerged as a result of the convergence of various stakeholders that shares the second approach.AmeliCA is a configuration of strategies, in response to the international, regional, national and institutional contexts, that seeks a cooperative, sustainable, protected and non-commercial Open Access solution for Latin America that can be extended to the Global South.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

AmeliCA: Una estructura sostenible e impulsada por la comunidad para el Conocimiento Abierto en América Latina y el Sur Global

América Latina cuenta con un ecosistema donde la naturaleza de la publicación es concebida como un acto de hacer público, de compartir, y no desde la perspectiva de la industria editorial. Las instituciones académicas y las universidades son parte de una cooperación informal y no explícita que financia las revistas científicas con sus propios integrantes y las publica en Acceso Abierto, lo que significa que todos se benefician de la inversión de todos. No obstante, el ecosistema latinoamericano de AA enfrenta una fragmentación. Pueden identificarse al menos dos vertientes: una está siendo determinada por la llamada ciencia de corriente principal a partir de la indización de Wos o Scopus, como la única vía para validar la investigación; la segunda vertiente reconoce la calidad de la investigación institucional y regional, fortalece a las editoriales universitarias empoderando a los editores con tecnología y profesionalización, al mismo tiempo que demanda métricas más responsables de evaluación a la investigación, todo ello con estrategias locales, pero con la capacidad de interactuar a gran escala. En este trabajo se presenta a AmeliCA, una iniciativa concreta que emergió como resultado de la convergencia de diversos actores que comparten esta segunda vertiente. AmeliCA es una configuración de estrategias, en respuesta al contexto internacional, regional, nacional e institucional de la publicación académica, que busca una solución de Acceso Abierto y público, colaborativa, sostenible, protegida y no comercial para América Latina y el Sur Global.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

AmeliCA: Una estructura sostenible e impulsada por la comunidad para el Conocimiento Abierto en América Latina y el Sur Global

América Latina cuenta con un ecosistema donde la naturaleza de la publicación es concebida como un acto de hacer público, de compartir, y no desde la perspectiva de la industria editorial. Las instituciones académicas y las universidades son parte de una cooperación informal y no explícita que financia las revistas científicas con sus propios integrantes y las publica en Acceso Abierto, lo que significa que todos se benefician de la inversión de todos. No obstante, el ecosistema latinoamericano de AA enfrenta una fragmentación. Pueden identificarse al menos dos vertientes: una está siendo determinada por la llamada ciencia de corriente principal a partir de la indización de Wos o Scopus, como la única vía para validar la investigación; la segunda vertiente reconoce la calidad de la investigación institucional y regional, fortalece a las editoriales universitarias empoderando a los editores con tecnología y profesionalización, al mismo tiempo que demanda métricas más responsables de evaluación a la investigación, todo ello con estrategias locales, pero con la capacidad de interactuar a gran escala. En este trabajo se presenta a AmeliCA, una iniciativa concreta que emergió como resultado de la convergencia de diversos actores que comparten esta segunda vertiente. AmeliCA es una configuración de estrategias, en respuesta al contexto internacional, regional, nacional e institucional de la publicación académica, que busca una solución de Acceso Abierto y público, colaborativa, sostenible, protegida y no comercial para América Latina y el Sur Global.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Cataract Extraction, Extracapsular (ECCE)

Cataracts can impair visual acuity and affect activities of daily living. They are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Cataracts can also impede monitoring of other diseases. In all the above cases, surgical intervention is deemed appropriate. In cases where phacoemulsification is not available or with increased lens opacity (requiring high energy phacoemulsification), extracapsular cataract extraction can be considered. Patients should have been evaluated and appropriate biometric measurements taken. Patients should have been educated about the risks and benefits of the procedure, including alternatives

Advancements in Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty

Anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK) is a corneal transplant procedure where diseased anterior corneal stroma is selectively replaced with donor stromal tissue while preserving the host Descemet’s membrane and endothelium. Despite ALK’s longer history, the most commonly performed procedure for the last 100 years has been PKP, and this has been attributed to the technical difficulties in achieving a successful ALK. However, over the past two decades, improvements in surgical instrumentation and techniques, including the femtosecond laser, have caused resurgence in interest in anterior lamellar corneal surgery. ALK can be subcategorized as superficial anterior lamellar keratoplasty (sALK), for the treatment of stromal pathology usually involving the anterior 200–250 μm, and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for the treatment of deeper stromal pathology. The most common techniques for performing each are described in this chapter. For sALK we discuss in detail manual dissection, microkeratome-assisted ALK, and sutureless femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty (FALK) with emphasis on steps in performing the procedures, complications, and outcomes. Similarly, we describe common DALK procedures with extra focus on manual dissection (open dissection), Melles technique (closed dissection), Anwar’s big-bubble technique, and femtosecond laser-assisted techniques. Finally general considerations and possible complications are described with insight on management options and follow-up care