Optimization of the Wake Oscillator for Transversal VIV

Funding Information: Funding: V.K. would like to acknowledge the support of the National Project “Science and Universities” of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, grant number FEWN-2021-0012. G.R.F. thanks the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the grant 305945/2020-3.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Experimental investigation on the around yawed cylinders subjected to asymmetrical end conditions.

O escoamento ao redor de cilindros inclinados, ou escoamento oblíquo, é um problema bastante comum em diversas áreas da engenharia. Embora o escoamento ao redor de um cilindro não inclinado consista em um tópico clássico e bastante estudado no contexto da mecânica dos fluídos, os estudos investigativos do escoamento oblíquo existem em menor número. O procedimento mais adotado para o estudo do escoamento ao redor de um cilindro inclinado é o Princípio da Independência, que atesta que todas as características da esteira dependem unicamente da componente da correnteza incidente que é ortogonal ao eixo do cilindro. Visando um melhor entendimento do escoamento ao redor de cilindros rígidos e inclinados, três grupos de experimentos foram conduzidos com cilindros inclinados tanto à montante como à jusante. Cinco ângulos de inclinação, definidos entre o eixo do cilindro e a direção ortogonal à da correnteza foram ensaiados, a saber: teta = 0°, 10°, 20°, 30° e 45°. No primeiro grupo de experimentos, os resultados obtidos com os cilindros estacionários inclinados à montante mostraram que o coeficiente de arrasto médio concorda com os resultados da configuração de referência, desde que a componente da correnteza incidente ortogonal ao eixo do cilindro seja utilizada na normalização da força. No tocante aos experimentos dos cilindros sujeitos ao fenômeno de vibrações induzidas pela emissão de vórtices com um ou dois graus de liberdade, existe um decréscimo da amplitude de oscilação dos cilindros com o aumento do ângulo de inclinação. Em todas as campanhas experimentais, foram verificadas diferenças entre os resultados obtidos com os cilindros inclinados à montante ou à jusante. Essa diferença é tão maior quanto maior for o ângulo de inclinação, e está associada à assimetria nas condições de extremidade do cilindro.The flow around yawed cylinders, or oblique flow, is a common subject in several engineering applications. Despite the flow around a non-yawed cylinder consists on a classical and extensively investigated problem, there is a considerable lower number of investigation concerning the oblique flow. The most employed approach aiming at investigating the oblique flow is the so called Independence Principle, which states that the flow characteristics depend only on the component of the free-stream that is normal to the cylinder axis. Three groups of experiments were carried out aiming at a better understanding of the flow around yawed cylinders. Five yaw angles defined between the cylinder axis and the direction orthogonal to the free-steam were tested, namely: theta = 0°, 10°, 20°, 30° e 45°. From the first group of experiments, the results obtained with stationary cylinders yawed in the upstream orientation shown that the mean drag coeficient matches the classical results from the non-yawed cylinder, if the component of the free-stream that is orthogonal to the cylinder axis is employed in the normalization of the hydrodynamic force. Concerning vortex-induced vibrations experiments with one and two degrees-of-freedom, a decrease was observed in the maximum oscillation amplitude. For all the experiments, it was observed that the results obtained from the upstream orientation tests can be different from those obtained for the downstream orientation ones. The larger the yaw angle, the larger are the differences, which are associated to the asymmetric end conditions

Analysis Methodology for Vortex-Induced Motion (VIM) of a Monocolumn Platform Applying the Hilbert-Huang Transform Method

Vortex-induced motion (VIM) is a highly nonlinear dynamic phenomenon. Usual spectral analysis methods, using the Fourier transform, rely on the hypotheses of linear and stationary dynamics. A method to treat nonstationary signals that emerge from nonlinear systems is denoted Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) method. The development of an analysis methodology to study the VIM of a monocolumn production, storage, and offloading system using HHT is presented. The purposes of the present methodology are to improve the statistics analysis of VIM. The results showed to be comparable to results obtained from a traditional analysis (mean of the 10% highest peaks) particularly for the motions in the transverse direction, although the difference between the results from the traditional analysis for the motions in the in-line direction showed a difference of around 25%. The results from the HHT analysis are more reliable than the traditional ones, owing to the larger number of points to calculate the statistics characteristics. These results may be used to design risers and mooring lines, as well as to obtain VIM parameters to calibrate numerical predictions. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4003493

Experimental Comparison of Two Degrees-of-Freedom Vortex-Induced Vibration on High and Low Aspect Ratio Cylinders with Small Mass Ratio

Vortex-induced motion (VIM) is a specific way for naming the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) acting on floating units. The VIM phenomenon can occur in monocolumn production, storage and offloading system (MPSO) and spar platforms, structures presenting aspect ratio lower than 4 and unity mass ratio, i.e., structural mass equal to the displaced fluid mass. These platforms can experience motion amplitudes of approximately their characteristic diameters, and therefore, the fatigue life of mooring lines and risers can be greatly affected. Two degrees-of-freedom VIV model tests based on cylinders with low aspect ratio and small mass ratio have been carried out at the recirculating water channel facility available at NDF-EPUSP in order to better understand this hydro-elastic phenomenon. The tests have considered three circular cylinders of mass ratio equal to one and different aspect ratios, respectively L/D = 1.0, 1.7, and 2.0, as well as a fourth cylinder of mass ratio equal to 2.62 and aspect ratio of 2.0. The Reynolds number covered the range from 10 000 to 50 000, corresponding to reduced velocities from 1 to approximately 12. The results of amplitude and frequency in the transverse and in-line directions were analyzed by means of the Hilbert-Huang transform method (HHT) and then compared to those obtained from works found in the literature. The comparisons have shown similar maxima amplitudes for all aspect ratios and small mass ratio, featuring a decrease as the aspect ratio decreases. Moreover, some changes in the Strouhal number have been indirectly observed as a consequence of the decrease in the aspect ratio. In conclusion, it is shown that comparing results of small-scale platforms with those from bare cylinders, all of them presenting low aspect ratio and small mass ratio, the laboratory experiments may well be used in practical investigation, including those concerning the VIM phenomenon acting on platforms. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006755]FAPESPFAPESPCAPESCAPESBrazilian NavyBrazilian NavyMaritime Research Institute NetherlandsMaritime Research Institute Netherland

One and two degrees-of-freedom Vortex-Induced Vibration experiments with yawed cylinders

Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) experiments were carried out with yawed cylinders. The purpose was to investigate the validity of the Independence Principle (IP) for properly describing the flow characteristics and the dynamics of structures subjected to oblique flow. Five yaw angles in relation to the direction perpendicular to the free stream velocity were tested, namely View the MathML sourceθ=0°,10°,20°,30° and 45°. Both the upstream and downstream orientations were tested. The models were mounted on a leaf spring apparatus that allows experiments with one or two degrees of freedom. The Reynolds numbers based on the component normal to the cylinder axis fell in the interval 3×103<Ren<1.5×1043×103<Ren<1.5×104. The mass ratio parameter was m⁎=2.6m⁎=2.6 and the cylinder aspect ratio was L/D≈13L/D≈13 for all the experiments. Time histories of displacement and hydrodynamic forces were acquired. Considering only the component of the free stream which is normal to the cylinder axis, the results of amplitude and force coefficients agreed reasonably well with the non-yawed ones for yaw angles up to 20° for both one and two degrees-of-freedom experiments. This indicates the validity of the IP for this yaw angle range. For yaw angles larger than 20°, a decrease in the maximum amplitude was observed. The decrease in the oscillation amplitudes was related to a larger modulation in the phase shift between force and displacement. Differences in the results for upstream and downstream were observed and were more evident for the larger yaw angle. These differences can be associated to the asymmetric cylinder end conditions.We would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by FINEP, CNPq and FAPESP. G.R.F would like to acknowledge FAPESP for the PhD scholarship (process 2008/00688-4) provided during the development of this work. The authors are also in debt to Prof. Celso P. Pesce, Prof. Clóvis A. Martins and Alfredo Neto for all the useful comments regarding the elastic base design. Special thanks to Cesar Freire, Ivan Korkischko, Douglas Silva, Reinaldo Marcondes Orselli, Rafael Gioria and Pedro Melo for their valuable help with the experiments and the discussion. Prof. Fujarra is grateful to the Brazilian Navy and Maritime Research Institute Netherlands for all the support provided during his sabbatical period, 2011-2012CNP