Cambodge : la guerre, toujours la guerre !

Les cambodgiens s'affrontent entre eux sans que cela soit un enjeu stratégique planétaire ni même régional. Les combats n'en continuent pas moins et les Khmers rouges sont en passe de triompher sur le terrain avec l'appui en armement des chinois. Ils contrôlent comme les autres groupes de résistance les populations réfugiées dans les camps et les déplacent en fonction de leur stratégie. Ils jouent aussi des ressources tirées de l'aide humanitaire et ne peuvent être évincés d'une solution politique car sur le terrain, ils sont de loin la composante principale de l'opposition au pouvoir pro-Vietnamien. Au delà de la stratégie militaire, les Khmers rouges ont une stratégie économique qui passe par des trafics de pierres précieuses... et qui leur permet d'obtenir des revenus substanciels pour acheter des armes et de la nourriture. Ils dépendent ainsi de moins en moins de l'extérieur et peuvent poursuivre la guerre durant très longtemps s'ils le désirent.The continuing Cambodian civil war has no world or regional strategic consequences. The fights are nonetheless still going on, and the Khmers are about to triumph thanks to the weapons furnished by China. Like other resisting groups, they control refugees living in camps and displace them according to their strategy. They play with humanitarian aid and cannot be ignored in case of a political solution since they are the main opposition group to the pro-Vietnamese government. Apart from their military strategy, the red Khmers also have an economic one which enables them to buy arms and food through a gems traffic. Thus, they depend less and less on the international community, and can make the war last for as long as they want

Cambodge : la guerre, toujours la guerre !

Les cambodgiens s'affrontent entre eux sans que cela soit un enjeu stratégique planétaire ni même régional. Les combats n'en continuent pas moins et les Khmers rouges sont en passe de triompher sur le terrain avec l'appui en armement des chinois. Ils contrôlent comme les autres groupes de résistance les populations réfugiées dans les camps et les déplacent en fonction de leur stratégie. Ils jouent aussi des ressources tirées de l'aide humanitaire et ne peuvent être évincés d'une solution politique car sur le terrain, ils sont de loin la composante principale de l'opposition au pouvoir pro-Vietnamien. Au delà de la stratégie militaire, les Khmers rouges ont une stratégie économique qui passe par des trafics de pierres précieuses... et qui leur permet d'obtenir des revenus substanciels pour acheter des armes et de la nourriture. Ils dépendent ainsi de moins en moins de l'extérieur et peuvent poursuivre la guerre durant très longtemps s'ils le désirent.The continuing Cambodian civil war has no world or regional strategic consequences. The fights are nonetheless still going on, and the Khmers are about to triumph thanks to the weapons furnished by China. Like other resisting groups, they control refugees living in camps and displace them according to their strategy. They play with humanitarian aid and cannot be ignored in case of a political solution since they are the main opposition group to the pro-Vietnamese government. Apart from their military strategy, the red Khmers also have an economic one which enables them to buy arms and food through a gems traffic. Thus, they depend less and less on the international community, and can make the war last for as long as they want

Force d'Eshelby et déformation propre équivalente, jeu virtuel simple de croissance ellipsoidale cristalline

Notre contribution dans un travail pluridisciplinaire sur les changements de phases solide-solide cristallins utilise le tenseur énergie-impulsion d'Eshelby et l'expression de la force multiphysique associée à l'évolution et à la croissance ellipsoidale d'une phase dans une matrice mère sollicitée macroscopiquement. Le calcul est intégré à l'exploitation d'un logiciel d'éléments finis pour l'instant réduits pour initiation à l'élastoplasticité: nous réalisons ainsi un premier jeu d'essai virtuel simple où la plasticité joue le rôle d'une déformation propre équivalente

Detained Persons Incarcerated for the First Time and Needing Acute Psychiatric Care: Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics

Among detained persons, those incarcerated for the first time (FTI: first time incarceration) are known to present long-standing psychological vulnerability but also suffer significant deterioration of their mental health during the first year following imprisonment. Whether the patterns of psychiatric morbidity differ in FTI cases compared to cases with repeated and long term incarceration (RLTI) is still a matter of debate. We examined the sociodemographic and clinical differences between a subgroup of FTI vs. one of RLTI in a series of 139 randomly selected detained persons admitted to an acute psychiatric ward located in the central prison of Geneva, Switzerland. Fisher exact, unpaired Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to explore sociodemographic (age, gender, marital status, religion, knowledge of French, education) and clinical (psychiatric outpatient care, suicidal behavior, psychiatric diagnosis) differences between the two groups. Subsequently, univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to detect the variables associated with FTI. The proportion of women was significantly higher in the FTI compared to the RLTI group. FTI cases were also more frequently separated or divorced, with less frequent religious affiliation. 16.9% of FTI cases but only 1.3% of RLTI cases had a clinical diagnosis of depression. In multiple regression models, female sex and lower religious affiliation rate were associated with FTI status. Among diagnostic categories, depression was strongly related to FTI status both in univariate and multivariable models. Importantly, this was not the case for adjustment disorders, previous history of psychiatric care and suicidal behavior. Our observations support the assumption that FTI cases with lower affective support, less religious investment and without psychiatric care prior to imprisonment are particularly vulnerable to depressive illness

Non-contrast CT markers of intracerebral hematoma expansion : a reliability study

Objectives: We evaluated whether clinicians agree in the detection of non-contrast CT markers of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) expansion. Methods: From our local dataset, we randomly sampled 60 patients diagnosed with spontaneous ICH. Fifteen physicians and trainees (Stroke Neurology, Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology) were trained to identify six density (Barras density, black hole, blend, hypodensity, fluid level, swirl) and three shape (Barras shape, island, satellite) expansion markers, using standardized definitions. Thirteen raters performed a second assessment. Inter and intra-rater agreement were measured using Gwet’s AC1, with a coefficient > 0.60 indicating substantial to almost perfect agreement. Results: Almost perfect inter-rater agreement was observed for the swirl (0.85, 95% CI: 0.78-0.90) and fluid level (0.84, 95% CI: 0.76-0.90) markers, while the hypodensity (0.67, 95% CI: 0.56-0.76) and blend (0.62, 95% CI: 0.51-0.71) markers showed substantial agreement. Inter-rater agreement was otherwise moderate, and comparable between density and shape markers. Inter-rater agreement was lower for the three markers that require the rater to identify one specific axial slice (Barras density, Barras shape, island: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.40-0.52 versus others: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.56-0.63). Inter-observer agreement did not differ when stratified for raters’ experience, hematoma location, volume or anticoagulation status. Intrarater agreement was substantial to almost perfect for all but the black hole marker. Conclusion: In a large sample of raters with different backgrounds and expertise levels, only four of nine non-contrast CT markers of ICH expansion showed substantial to almost perfect inter-rater agreement

Cambodge : bibliographie sélective

Guilbert François. Cambodge : bibliographie sélective. In: Politique étrangère, n°4 - 1989 - 54ᵉannée. p. 684

Cambodge : chronologie

Guilbert François. Cambodge : chronologie. In: Politique étrangère, n°4 - 1989 - 54ᵉannée. pp. 682-683

Cambodge : bibliographie sélective

Guilbert François. Cambodge : bibliographie sélective. In: Politique étrangère, n°4 - 1989 - 54ᵉannée. p. 684