Table_1_Influencing factors of users’ shift to buying expensive virtual gifts in live streaming: Empirical evidence from China.docx

The market size of live streaming on the Internet, in which the streamer earns profit by prompting users to give virtual gifts through emotional labor, is getting bigger and bigger. However, most users will only buy cheap virtual gifts in live streaming, therefore exploring how to promote users to buy expensive virtual gifts is a valuable topic in live commerce research. Based on social presence theory and information overload theory, this study used the PLS-SEM method to investigate the factors influencing live streaming users to shift from buying cheap virtual gifts to buying expensive virtual gifts, and analyzed the moderating role of information overload in these relationships. The results show that immediate interaction anxiety, verbal intimacy, and virtual physical intimacy positively influence users’ shift to purchasing expensive virtual gifts, and that perceived network size and perceived financial risk are negative factors in users’ shift to purchasing expensive virtual gifts. Information overload has a moderating role in the relationship between immediate interaction anxiety and switch intention, and it also plays a moderating role in the relationship between perceived network size and perceived financial risk on users’ switch intention.</p

Optical Intensities of Different Compartments of Subretinal Fluid in Acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>To investigate the optical intensity in different compartments of subretinal fluid in acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).</p><p>Methods</p><p>Fifty acute VKH eyes and 25 cases with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) were included in this retrospective comparative study. The optical intensities of subretinal fluid, vitreous humour and the entire scanned region displayed by SD-OCT were measured with Image J by three independent readers. In the VKH eyes with subretinal septa, the subretinal fluid was segmented into two types of compartments, supra-septa space and sub-septa space. Optical intensity ratios of different compartments of subretinal fluids divided by vitreous humour or the entire scanned region were compared.</p><p>Results</p><p>The measurement of optical intensity was highly reproducible (intraclass correlation coefficient> 0.9). The optical intensity of the supra-septa space divided by the vitreous humour was significantly higher compared to that of sub-septa space in VKH (mean difference = 4.27 ± 5.15, p <0.001). The optical intensity ratio of the supra-septa space (1.14 ± 0.12), but not subsepta space (1.05 ± 0.05) in VKH, was significantly higher compared to that of the subretinal space in VKH without the subretinal septa (1.07 ± 0.08), and the subretinal fluid in CSCR (1.08 ± 0.09). Similar results were found for the optical intensity ratios divided by the entire scan region.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The optical intensity in the supra-septa space of VKH is higher compared to the sub-septa space in VKH, subretinal space in VKH and CSCR, suggesting that the components in these spaces are different.</p></div

Demographic and clinical data of included subjects.

<p>Demographic and clinical data of included subjects.</p

Scatterplot of the optical intensities of the supra-septa space and sub-septa in the same eyes with acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

<p>Most of the spots were above the 45-degree lines, indicating that the optical intensity of the supra-septa space was higher than that of the sub-septa space.</p

Repeatability and reproducibility of optical intensity measurements.

<p>Repeatability and reproducibility of optical intensity measurements.</p

Selection of regions of interest on the optical coherence tomography images of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

<p>A. selection of vitreous and subretinal space in CSCR; B. selection of vitreous, supra-septa space and sub-septa space in VKH with subretinal septa; C. selection of vitreous and subretinal space in VKH without subretinal septa; D. selection of entire region.</p

Comparison of optical intensity ratio in different compartments of subretinal fluids.

<p>A. optical intensity ratio of subretinal fluid divided by vitreous humour; B. optical intensity of subretinal fluid divided by the entire scanned region. The <i>p</i> value was calculated using one-way analysis of variance. VKH: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. CSCR: central serous chorioretinopathy.</p

The frequency distribution of disease scores.

<p>(a) LHB22×JM11 F_2:3 population was screened at seedling stage in greenhouse in 2010. (b) LHB22×NNG F_2:3 population was evaluated in Verticillium wilt disease nursery at two stages in 2011 and 2012.</p

QTL conferring resistance to Verticillium wilt detected in two F_2:3 populations of <i>G. hirsutum.</i>

<p>^a Verticillium wilt (VW) resistance of LHB22×JM11and LHB22×NNG population evaluated in a greenhouse and disease nursery, respectively. S =  seedling stage, F =  flowering stage, M =  mature stage.</p><p>^b Position of peak LOD score.</p><p>^c Ratio of dominant effect and additive effect.</p><p>^d Percentage of variance explained at peak LOD score.</p><p>^e Parent that provided the positive allele of the QTL.</p

The disease scores in bulked F₄ families of LHB22×NNG population.

‡<p>Different lowercase letter and capital letter in the same column show difference significant at 0.05 and 0.01 level respectively.</p