9,679 research outputs found
Enhanced non-perturbative effects through the collinear anomaly
We show that non-perturbative effects are logarithmically enhanced for
transverse-momentum-dependent observables such as q_T-spectra of electroweak
bosons in hadronic collisions and jet broadening at e^+e^- colliders. This
enhancement arises from the collinear anomaly, a mechanism characteristic for
transverse observables, which induces logarithmic dependence on the hard scale
in the product of the soft and collinear matrix elements. Our analysis is based
on an operator product expansion and provides, for the first time, a
systematic, model-independent way to study non-perturbative effects for this
class of observables. For the case of jet broadening, we relate the leading
correction to the non-perturbative shift of the thrust distribution.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. v2: Minor changes, references added. Journal
versio
Application and evaluation of the RF charge-pumping technique
In this paper, we will discuss the extendibility of the charge-pumping (CP) technique toward frequencies up to 4 GHz. Such high frequencies are attractive when a significant gate leakage current flows, obscuring the CP current at lower pumping frequencies.\ud
It is shown that using RF gate excitation, accurate CP curves can be obtained on MOS devices with a leakage current density exceeding 1 A•cm−2 . A theoretical analysis of the trap response to RF gate voltage signals is presented, giving a clear insight on the benefits and limitations of the technique.\u
Non Symmetric Dirichlet Forms on Semifinite von Neumann Algebras
The theory of non symmetric Dirichlet forms is generalized to the non abelian
setting, also establishing the natural correspondences among Dirichlet forms,
sub-Markovian semigroups and sub-Markovian resolvents within this context.
Examples of non symmetric Dirichlet forms given by derivations on Hilbert
algebras are studied.Comment: 32 pages, plain TeX, Preprint Roma TOR VERGATA Nr.9-93-May 9
Intergenerational Transmission of Educational Attainment in Germany: The Last Five Decades
Over the last decades the German education system underwent numerous reforms in order to improve "equality of opportunity", i.e. to guarantee all pupils equal access to higher education. At the same time internationally comparative evidence yields that Germany features particularly low intergenerational mobility with respect to educational attainment. This study investigates the development in intergenerational education mobility in Germany for the birth cohorts 1929 through 1978 and tests whether the impact of parental background on child educational outcomes changed over time. In spite of massive public policy interventions and education reforms our results yield no significant reduction in the role of parental background for child outcomes over the last decades.education transmission, intergenerational mobility, schooling, human capital transmission, Lohnungleichheit, Einkommensgleichung, Quantilsregression
Supersymmetric Field Theories on Three-Manifolds
We construct supersymmetric field theories on Riemannian three-manifolds M,
focusing on N=2 theories with a U(1)_R symmetry. Our approach is based on the
rigid limit of new minimal supergravity in three dimensions, which couples to
the flat-space supermultiplet containing the R-current and the energy-momentum
tensor. The field theory on M possesses a single supercharge, if and only if M
admits an almost contact metric structure that satisfies a certain
integrability condition. This may lead to global restrictions on M, even though
we can always construct one supercharge on any given patch. We also analyze the
conditions for the presence of additional supercharges. In particular, two
supercharges of opposite R-charge exist on every Seifert manifold. We present
general supersymmetric Lagrangians on M and discuss their flat-space limit,
which can be analyzed using the R-current supermultiplet. As an application, we
show how the flat-space two-point function of the energy-momentum tensor in N=2
superconformal theories can be calculated using localization on a squashed
sphere.Comment: 53 pages; minor change
From Rigid Supersymmetry to Twisted Holomorphic Theories
We study N=1 field theories with a U(1)_R symmetry on compact four-manifolds
M. Supersymmetry requires M to be a complex manifold. The supersymmetric theory
on M can be described in terms of conventional fields coupled to background
supergravity, or in terms of twisted fields adapted to the complex geometry of
M. Many properties of the theory that are difficult to see in one formulation
are simpler in the other one. We use the twisted description to study the
dependence of the partition function Z_M on the geometry of M, as well as
coupling constants and background gauge fields, recovering and extending
previous results. We also indicate how to generalize our analysis to
three-dimensional N=2 theories with a U(1)_R symmetry. In this case
supersymmetry requires M to carry a transversely holomorphic foliation, which
endows it with a near-perfect analogue of complex geometry. Finally, we present
new explicit formulas for the dependence of Z_M on the choice of U(1)_R
symmetry in four and three dimensions, and illustrate them for complex
manifolds diffeomorphic to S^3 x S^1, as well as general squashed
three-spheres.Comment: 55 pages; minor change
Blockchain Inefficiency in the Bitcoin Peers Network
We investigate Bitcoin network monitoring the dynamics of blocks and
transactions. We unveil that 43\% of the transactions are still not included in
the Blockchain after 1h from the first time they were seen in the network and
20\% of the transactions are still not included in the Blockchain after 30
days, revealing therefore great inefficiency in the Bitcoin system. However, we
observe that most of these `forgotten' transactions have low values and in
terms of transferred value the system is less inefficient with 93\% of the
transactions value being included into the Blockchain within 3h. The fact that
a sizeable fraction of transactions is not processed timely casts serious
doubts on the usability of the Bitcoin Blockchain for reliable time-stamping
purposes and calls for a debate about the right systems of incentives which a
peer-to-peer unintermediated system should introduce to promote efficient
transaction recording.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 table
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