a cross-sectional study

Objective To investigate whether high levels of screen time exposure are associated with self-perceived levels of attention problems and hyperactivity in higher education students. Design Cross-sectional study among participants of the i-Share cohort. Setting French-speaking students of universities and higher education institutions. Participants 4816 graduate students who were at least 18 years old. Exposure Screen time was assessed by self-report of the average time spent on five different screen activities on smartphone, television, computer and tablet and categorised into quartiles. Main outcome measure We used the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) concerning students’ behaviour over the past 6 months to measure self-perceived levels of attention problems and hyperactivity. Responses were summarised into a global score as well as scores for attention problems and hyperactivity. Results The 4816 participants of this study had a mean age of 20.8 years and 75.5% were female. Multivariable ordinary regression models showed significant associations of screen time exposure with quintiles of the total score of self-perceived attention problems and hyperactivity levels as well as the individual domains. Compared to the lowest screen time exposure category, the ORs (95% CI) were 1.58 (1.37 to 1.82) for each increasing level of quintiles of the global score, 1.57 (1.36 to 1.81) for increasing quintiles of attention levels and 1.25 (1.09 to 1.44) for increasing quartiles of hyperactivity. Conclusions Results of this large cross-sectional study among French university and higher education students show dose-dependent associations between screen time and self-perceived levels of attention problems and hyperactivity. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether interventions could positively influence these associations

Evolution of Tracheobronchial Colonization Following Tracheal Intubation in Patients With Neurologic Injury Who Are Ventilated

International audienc

J Atten Disord

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the independent association between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms and perceived stress among French college students. Method: Participants (N = 6,951) completed self-report surveys assessing ADHD symptoms, perceived stress, and sociodemographic characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ADHD symptoms and perceived stress. Results: Participants had a mean age of 20.8 years, and 75.6% were female. We found significant associations between increasing levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms and high level of perceived stress after adjustment for confounding variables. The association was stronger for inattention (odds ratio [OR] = 4.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [4.02, 5.22]) than for hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = [1.05 to 1.39]). Conclusion: Higher levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were independently associated with perceived stress in French college students. This association was mainly driven by inattention. Screenings to better detect ADHD symptoms should be implemented in universities

L’invention d’une politique humanitaire

Associer l’histoire des réfugiés russes à celle de l’institutionnalisation du champ humanitaire dans l’Europe de l’après-guerre se justifie à double titre. D’une part, l’apparition relativement brutale et massive de réfugiés dans les pays frontaliers de la Russie à la fin de la guerre civile entraîna la première grande concertation des États européens en faveur de ces nouveaux exclus ; cette mobilisation se traduisit par la création du Haut commissariat pour les réfugiés en 1921 au sein de la Société des Nations. D’autre part, l’émigration russe se distingua par les différentes formes d’assistance humanitaire qu’elle mit en œuvre et sa participation à l’action internationale. Parmi les organisations d’entraide, le « Comité des Zemstvos et des villes russes de secours aux citoyens russes à l’étranger », plus communément appelé Zemgor, occupa une place de premier plan qui reste cependant méconnue. Lire la suite..

L’Europe orientale, 1650-1730. Crises, conflits et renouveau

Vers 1650, la Russie prend résolument position sur l’échiquier européen, où elle revendique le statut d’empire, à égalité avec celui des Habsbourg. C’est chose faite, ou à peu près, en 1730, au terme d’un long processus où jeu diplomatique, conflits armés, échanges culturels avec l’Occident et violentes révoltes à l’intérieur coexistent ou se succèdent. C’est cet ensemble d’événements, vus tantôt du côté de la Moscovie, tantôt du côté de ses voisins, qu’éclairent les articles réunis dans ce volume. Ils le font avant tout en s’attaquant aux stéréotypes, à l’aide parfois de sources inattendues, voire inconnues des spécialistes, comme les lettres de l’hetman cosaque Dorošenko au grand-vizir de la Sublime Porte ou l’unique exemplaire d’un pénitentiel prévu pour la confession du tsar. Russes xénophobes ? Peut-être, mais ce n’est pas ce qui ressort de la correspondance entre un marchand anglais et son professeur de russe. Nobles serviles ? Mais presque tous les auteurs de « projets », en 1730, rêvent d’une constitution analogue à celle de la Pologne-Lituanie. Les streltsy insurgés défendent-ils la Vieille Foi ou réclament-ils, plus prosaïquement, leur solde ? Sur un point tout au moins le succès de Pierre le Grand est indéniable : l’isolement de l’ancienne Russie appartient désormais au passé