Responses of meteorological parameters during August 24, 2016 Myanmar earthquake

Myanmar Earthquake (M=6.8) occurred on 24 August 2016 at 10:34 UTC. Anomalies are expected on the surface temperature and other atmospheric parameters. The thermodynamic equilibrium of the troposphere is very much connected with these meteorological parameters. The data of ionospheric variability, air temperature and relative humidity are taken from Chauk Historical Weather, Myanmar ground stations and analysed through origin 5.0 software. The variations of these parameters during the pre-and post-periods of this earthquake from 1 August 2016 to 31 August 2016 are studied in this work. A secondary response before 8 to 9 days and a primary response before 3 to 4 days before the occurrence of this earthquake are obtained. The radioactive Isotopes generate the geothermal energy during decay, distributed between the rock and the natural fluid contained in its fracture regions developed due to the plate movement in the Sunda Trench regions. The stored energy is emitted in the form of heat from earth crust through fractured places and results the anomalous surface latent heat increase before a strong earthquake in the preparation zone. The anomalous surface latent heat causes the variations of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed

MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE POTENTIATES THE CONTRACTION OF THE VISCERAL SMOOTH MUSCLE OF DUODENUM BY AUGMENTING THE ACTIVITY OF INTRINSIC CHOLINERGIC EFFERENTS, INDUCING OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PROLIFERATING SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS

Objective: The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the contraction of visceral smooth muscle (VSM) of the duodenum in a rat model to understand the MSG-induced impairment of the function of the small intestine. Methods: Male albino rats of Charles Foster strain were exposed with MSG at three different dosages (632, 1264, and 2528 mg/kg BW/day) for 30-day duration. The records of the contraction of the duodenum were achieved with isotonic transducer (IT-2245) coupled with RMS-Polyrite D by our standard laboratory protocol. Results: We have observed potentiation of contraction of duodenum ex vivo dose-dependently in MSG exposed groups of rats compared to control. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in VSM tissue homogenate and expression of AChE protein in fixed duodenal muscle cell layers have been decreased in a dosage response manner comparing to control rats. We have found a significant decrease in the activities of some antioxidant enzymes such as Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-s-transferase, and increase in the level of malondialdehyde in MSG exposed VSM tissue homogenate of the duodenum. We have also observed thickening of muscularis externa layer and increase in the number of muscle cells in circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the duodenal wall in transverse duodenal wall sections stained with eosin-hematoxylin. Conclusion: MSG potentiates the contraction of VSM of duodenum by augmenting the activity of intrinsic cholinergic efferents predominantly, and inducing oxidative stress and proliferating smooth muscle cells

Paraspinal Transposition Flap for Reconstruction of Sacral Soft Tissue Defects: A Series of 53 Cases from a Single Institute

Study DesignCase series.PurposeTo describe paraspinal transposition flap for coverage of sacral soft tissue defects.Overview of LiteratureSoft tissue defects in the sacral region pose a major challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Goals of sacral wound reconstruction are to provide a durable skin and soft tissue cover adequate for even large sacral defects; minimize recurrence; and minimize donor site morbidity. Various musculocutaneous and fasciocutanous flaps have been described in the literature.MethodsThe flap was applied in 53 patients with sacral soft tissue defects of diverse etiology. Defects ranged in size from small (6 cm×5 cm) to extensive (21 cm×10 cm). The median age of the patients was 58 years (range, 16-78 years).ResultsThere was no flap necrosis. Primary closure of donor sites was possible in all the cases. The median follow up of the patients was 33 months (range, 4-84 months). The aesthetic outcomes were acceptable. There has been no recurrence of pressure sores.ConclusionsThe authors conclude that paraspinal transposition flap is suitable for reconstruction of large sacral soft tissue defects with minimum morbidity and excellent long term results

Synchronous Buccal Carcinoma and Laryngeal Carcinoma- A Rare Presentation

Introduction Second primary malignancy as squamous cell carcinoma of larynx is rare after squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa. Case Report A 47 year old male patient presented with a painless, progressive ulcer of left buccal mucosa near the angle of mouth for the last 3 months who also developed alteration in the quality of voice and respiratory distress 2 months later. On biopsy buccal lesion came out to be moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Direct laryngoscopy revealed a glottic growth and guided biopsy from the lesion revealed well differentiated keratinising squamous cell carcinoma which was managed successfully by total laryngectomy and buccal carcinoma by wide local excision followed by primary closure and supraomohyoid neck dissection in the same sitting. Discussion Having both index primary tumour and second primary tumour in head and neck region is a rare occurrence more so glottic carcinoma occurring synchronously with buccal carcinomas. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment in both the conditions

White matter changes in Wilson’s disease: A radiological enigma

Wilson's disease is a metabolic disorder which presents with hepatitis or hepatic decompensation commonly. Neurologic manifestations are late and include movement disorders, personality changes, and seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain shows high signal changes in putamen, lentiform nucleus, thalamus, and brainstem. White matter lesions are rare. We report a child of Wilson's disease who presented to us with dystonia, rigidity, myoclonus and had symmetrical white matter changes in the fronto-parietooccipital region. Diffusion restriction in bilateral frontoparietal areas was also seen which is rare in chronic cases like ours. Atypical MRI characteristics should be considered in patients with clinical signs of neurological involvement in Wilson's disease as it is a devastating but treatable disease

Evaluation of facial artery perforator-based flaps in reconstruction of facial defects

Introduction: Several flaps have been described for reconstructing facial or oral defects. Flaps such as forehead and pectoralis major are often too bulky for small-to-moderate-sized defects, for which nasolabial flaps are often ideal. However, nasolabial flaps have limited mobility and reach and may need two stages, particularly for intraoral defects. According to recent literatures, facial artery provides numerous small cutaneous perforators, based on which skin flaps can be islanded, with greater mobility and reach for reconstruction of small-to-moderate-sized intraoral and facial defects in one stage. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability and versatility of facial artery perforator-based flaps in the reconstruction of such defects. Materials and Methods: A ethical committee-approved retrospective study was conducted on data of the patients attending our outpatient department between February 2014 and October 2015 with small-to-moderate-sized facial/oral lesions. The total sample size was 23. We studied the relation of flap survival with size of flap, route of inset and neck dissection, functional and aesthetic outcomes and feasibility of adjuvant therapy in cases of malignancies. Results and Analysis: A wide range of facial defects, especially intraoral defects, could be reconstructed in one stage using facial artery perforator-based flaps. The flaps were reliable. Complications included only partial skin loss of the flaps in a few cases. Complications were directly related to the length of the flaps and the route of inset. Functional and aesthetic outcomes were satisfactory and none of the flaps showed any significant post-radiotherapy changes. Conclusions: We concluded that facial artery perforator flap can be a simple, safe, versatile and one-stage alternative to the traditional flaps in the reconstruction of small-to-moderate-sized facial defects. Neck dissection can be safely done in the same sitting

Role of resistin in gestational diabetes in Eastern India

Background: Gestational diabetes leads to complications due to glucose intolerance whereas resistin induces insulin resistance concerned in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes commonly associated with GDM. Thus the aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between resistin levels and GDM and the possible benefits of the metabolic profile. Methods: The cross-sectional study consists of 36 pregnant females routinely examined for GDM with a 75 g 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at the gynecological out-patient clinic were taken as cases whereas 32 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were taken as control subjects. The cases as well as controls were assayed for serum resistin as well as serum insulin after matched for age, gestational age as well as BMI for this study. Results: Serum resistin levels were increased in GDM cases as compared to controls and were statistically significant (36.24 ± 14.62 vs 15.29 ± 8.51 ng/ml; p < 0.0001). Moreover, serum Insulin levels were higher in GDM cases as compared to controls which were statistically significant (16.92 ± 8.23 versus 8.84 ± 4.11 μ IU/ml; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our study reveals higher serum resistin and higher serum insulin values in GDM cases may be used for screening tests in the diagnosis of the disease