Production and economic characteristics of olive production on family farms

Temeljna svrha rada bila je analizirati osnovna proizvodna i ekonomska obilježja maslinarstva u obiteljskim poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima kao nositeljima maslinarske proizvodnje, kako bi se dobio uvid u njihov gospodarski položaj i razvojne perspektive. U radu su korištene sljedeće metode: anketa, standardne metode deskriptivne statistike i SWOT analiza. Anketiranje je provedeno na području Dalmacije gdje je smješteno oko 80% proizvodno–preradbenih kapaciteta hrvatskog maslinarstva. Anketirana obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva u prosjeku imaju 121 stablo masline, najčešće na 3 odvojene parcele s dominacijom ekstenzivnog načina uzgoja, dok je gospodarski položaj većine maslinara relativno povoljan. Rezultati SWOT analize pokazuju da strateške razvojne aktivnosti treba usmjeriti tako da maksimalno iskoriste povećano zanimanje za podizanje i obnovu maslinika kao i povoljne uvjete potpore i financiranja, kako bi se umanjila dominacija ekstenzivnog načina uzgoja s velikim kolebanjem priroda i uvozna ovisnost te izbjegle prijetnje globalnog institucionalnog i tržišnog pritiska.The major aim of the study was to analyse the basic production and economic characteristics of olive production on family farms, so as to get an insight into their economic situation and development perspectives. The following methods were used in the study: survey, standard methods of descriptive statistics and the SWOT analysis. A survey was conducted in the area of Dalmatia where there are 80% of production and processing capacities of Croatian olive production. The family farms surveyed have 121 olive trees on average, usually in three (3) separate lots, using predominantly extensive cultivation method. Most of the olive growers’ economic situation is relatively satisfactory. The results of the SWOT analysis show that the strategic development activities should attempt to make the most of the increased interest in olive groves establishment and regeneration, along with the more favourable terms of support and funding to decrease the prevalent domination of the extensive method of olive cultivation in respect to the yield oscillation and dependence on imports, avoiding threats of the global institutionalization and market pressures

Economics of integrated production of olives

Integrirana proizvodnja predstavlja kompromis između gospodarskih i ekoloških zahtjeva, odnosno između konvencionalne i ekološke proizvodnje. Transformacija postojećih starih ekstenzivnih maslinika kroz obnovu s nadosadnjom u poluintenzivne maslinike utemeljene na principima integrirane proizvodnje maslina može biti realna opcija za našu proizvodnu praksu. Međutim, maslinarima su potrebne relevantne infor-macije o ekonomskoj opravdanosti ulaganja u obnovu maslinika, kao i o ekonomskim učincima integrirane proizvodnje maslina. U tom kontekstu, svrha rada je sastavljanje, analiza i razvoj determinističkog tehnološko-ekonomskog simulacijskog modela integrirane proizvodnje maslina u cilju ocjene ekonomske opravdanosti i financijske izvodljivosti ulaganja u obnovu maslinika te ocjene efikasnosti integrirane proizvodnje maslina. U radu su primijenjene metoda simulacijskog modeliranja, financijski dio cost-benefit analize, analiza osjetljivosti i ekonomska analiza temeljnih mjerila poslovne uspješnosti: proizvodnosti rada, ekonomičnosti i rentabilnosti. Analiza investicije pokazuje da je ta investicija ekonomski opravdana i financijski izvodljiva, a vrijednosti temeljnih mjerila poslovne uspješnosti pokazuju da je integri-rana proizvodnja maslina efikasna, pod pretpostavkom postizanja očekivanog uroda i uspješne prodaje maslinovog ulja.Integrated production represents a compromise between economical and ecological demands, or a compromise between conventional and organic production. Regeneration of traditional olive – groves and their transformation in to semi intensive olive – groves is based on the principles of integrated olive production and could be realistic option in our practise. However, olive growers need relevant information about economic profitability of their investment in the regeneration of olive groves, and about economic effects of integrated olive production. In that context, the purpose of the research is the construction, analysis and development of a deterministic technological and economic simulation model of integrated olive production. This model is used to estimate economic profitability and financial feasibility of investment in regeneration of traditional olive – groves and economic efficiency of integrated olive production. In the course of work the method of simulation modelling, financial part of cost – benefit analysis - sensitivity analysis and economic analysis of basical measure of business success (labour productivity, cost-effectiveness and profitability) were applied. The investment analysis shows economic profitability and financial feasibility of the investment. The economic analysis shows efficiency of integrated olive production on the assumption of expected yield and successful sale of olive oil

Economic evaluation of investment in the olive-sheep production system

Maslinarstvo i ovčarstvo predstavljaju tradicionalne poljoprivredne djelatnosti na hrvatskim otocima. Na temelju tehnoloških i ekonomskih polazišta izrađen je tehnološko-ekonomski model koji se sastoji od podmodela podizanja maslinika, nabave osnovnog stada ovaca i izgradnje ovčarnika i podmodela proizvodnje. Modelnom kalkulacijom utvrđeni investicijski i proizvodni troškovi i prihodi predstavljaju ulazne parametre za financijski dio analize troškova i koristi. Analiza troškova i koristi pokazuje da je investicija u proizvodni sustav maslina-ovca ekonomski opravdana i financijski izvodljiva, a vrijednosti temeljnih mjerila poslovne uspješnosti pokazuju da je proizvodni sustav maslina-ovca u punom kapacitetu djelotvoran, pod pretpostavkom postizanja očekivanih proizvodnih rezultata i uspješne prodaje maslinovog ulja, žive janjadi i ovčjeg mlijeka.Olive growing and sheep breeding are traditional agricultural activities on Croatian islands. Based on technological and economic starting points a technological and economic model wae prepared, which consisted of the submodel of olive grove establishment, purchase of a parent flock, and construction of the sheep stable as well as the production submodel. Model-calculated investment and production costs and revenues represent input parameters for a part of financial cost-benefit analysis. The cost-benefit analysis shows that investment in the olive-sheep production system is economically profitable and financially feasible, and values of the economic indicators of business performance show that the olive-sheep production system is efficient at full capacity, presuming the realisation of the expected production results and the successful sale of olive oil, live lambs and sheep\u27s milk

Break-even model application for business decision--making in olive production

Model točke pokrića je koristan analitički instrument za utvrđivanje ekonomskih učinaka koji pomaže u planiranju i donošenju poslovnih odluka u procesu upravljanja maslinarskom proizvodnjom. Ovaj model se koristi kao analitički instrument koji daje određene smjernice za kratkoročno poslovno odlučivanje. Cilj rada bio je primijeniti cjelokupnu analizu točke pokrića i pokazati odnose između troškova, prihoda i financijskog rezultata pri različitim razinama proizvodnje maslina te utvrditi razinu proizvodnje kod koje su pokriveni ukupni troškovi uz determiniranu prodajnu cijenu. Na temelju tehnoloških i ekonomskih polazišta izrađena je modelna kalkulacija pokrića varijabilnih troškova maslinarske proizvodnje. Modelnom kalkulacijom utvrđeni troškovi i prihodi predstavljali su podlogu za analizu točke pokrića i izračunavanje relevantnih ekonomskih veličina i pokazatelja. Pri količini proizvodnje od 386 kg maslinovog ulja ostvaruje se ukupni prihod u iznosu od 17.391,59 kn koji pokriva ukupne troškove, što znači da je potrebno ostvariti 28,9% ukupne količine proizvodnje za izlazak iz zone gubitka. Pozitivan financijski rezultat i vrijednosti ekonomskih pokazatelja proizvodnosti rada, ekonomičnosti i rentabilnosti proizvodnje u analitičkom modelu pokazuju da je konvencionalna proizvodnja maslina u punoj rodnosti efikasna pod pretpostavkom postizanja očekivanog priroda ploda, randmana ulja i njegove uspješne prodaje.The break-even model is an useful analytical instrument for determination of economic effects, which facilitates planning and business decision-making in the process of olive production management. This model is used as an analytical instrument that provides specific guidance for short-term business decision-making. The paper aim was to apply the whole break-even analysis, show the relations between costs, revenues, and financial result at various olive production levels, and determine the production level where total costs are covered with the determined selling price. Gross margin calculation model of olive production has been created on the basis of technological and economic starting points. Costs and revenues determined by model calculation were the basis for the break-even analysis and the calculation of relevant economic values and indicators. At the production of 386 kg of olive oil, the total revenue of 17,391.59 HRK covers the total cost, which means that 28.9% total production should be realised so as to come out of loss. The positive financial result and the values of economic indicators of labour productivity, cost-effectiveness and profitability of production in the analytical model show that the conventional production of olives in full fertility is effective under the assumption of realisation of the expected yield, the average yield of olive oil and the successful sales

Economic efficiency of peach and nectarine production: a case study

Cilj rada bio je utvrditi ekonomsku efikasnost proizvodnje breskve i nektarine u odabranom poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu koje se nalazi u naselju Smilčić na području grada Benkovca u Zadarskoj županiji. Na temelju podataka prikupljenih anketiranjem i poslovne dokumentacije gospodarstva izrađena je kalkulacija pokrića varijabilnih troškova za 2007. i 2008. godinu. Kalkulacijom utvrđeni troškovi i prihodi predstavljali su podlogu za izračunavanje relevantnih ekonomskih veličina i pokazatelja. Ukupna površina voćnjaka breskve i nektarine je 6,5 ha, od čega je 6 ha rodni, a 0,5 ha mladi voćnjak. U 2007. godini poljoprivredno gospodarstvo ostvarilo je dohodak u iznosu od 121.421,00 kn, a u 2008. godini u iznosu od 192.105,00 kn. Vrijednosti ekonomskih pokazatelja proizvodnosti rada, ekonomičnosti i rentabilnosti pokazuju da je proizvodnja breskve i nektarine u analiziranom gospodarstvu bila ekonomski efikasna tijekom dvogodišnjeg razdoblja.The aim of the paper was to determine economic efficiency of peach and nectarine production in the selected farm in the rural settlement of Smilčić in the area of Benkovac town in the County of Zadar. Based on the data from the survey and on the business documents of the farm, a gross margin calculation was made for 2007 and 2008. Costs and revenues determined by calculation were the basis for calculation of relevant economic indicators. The total surface of the peach and nectarine orchard is 6.5 ha, out of which 6 ha is in production period, and 0.5 ha is young peach and nectarine orchard. In 2007 the farm realised an income of 121,421.00 HRK, and in 2008 an income of 192,105.00 HRK. The values of economic indicators of labour productivity, cost-effectiveness and profitability show that the production of peach and nectarine in the analysed farm was economically efficient in the two-year period

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE BEEKEEPING AND OLIVE PRODUCTION FAMILY FARM

Cilj rada bio je utvrditi ekonomsku efikasnost pčelarske i maslinarske proizvodnje i razvojnu sposobnost odabranog pčelarsko-maslinarskog obiteljskog poljoprivrednog gospodarstva (OPG) koje se nalazi na području općine Marina u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji. Kalkulacijama utvrđeni troškovi i prihodi predstavljali su podlogu za izračunavanje relevantnih ekonomskih veličina i pokazatelja pčelarske i maslinarske proizvodnje, kao i poslovanja gospodarstva u cjelini. Na gospodarstvu živi ukupno 6 članova, a u obavljanju poslova u pčelarskoj i maslinarskoj proizvodnji prevladava obiteljski rad. Analizirano gospodarstvo ima mobilni pčelinjak otvorenog tipa sa 80 proizvodnih standardnih Langstroth-Rootovih (LR) košnica, te 1,55 ha maslinika sa ukupno 170 stabala masline. Na razini cijeloga gospodarstva u 2008. godini ostvaren je financijski rezultat u iznosu od 63.473,00 kn, a u 2009. godini u iznosu od 27.161,00 kn. Vrijednosti ekonomskih pokazatelja proizvodnosti rada, ekonomičnosti i rentabilnosti pokazuju da je poslovanje gospodarstva tijekom dvogodišnjeg razdoblja bilo ekonomski efikasno.The aim of the paper was to evaluate the economic efficiency of beekeeping and olive production, and the development possibilities of a selected beekeeping and olive production family farm in the area of Marina Municipality, Split-Dalmatia County. Costs and revenues deduced in the calculations represented the basis for a calculation of relevant economic indicators of beekeeping and olive production, and of the family farm business as a whole. Six family members live on the farm, where family work prevails in beekeeping and olive production. On the analysed family farm there is a mobile apiary with 80 honey producing standard Langstroth-Root (LR) hives, and 1.55 hectares of olive grove, and a total of 170 olive trees. In 2008 at the level of the complete family farm, the achieved financial result amounted to 63,473.00 HRK, and in 2009 the amount was 27,161.00 HRK. The values of economic indicators of labour productivity, cost-effectiveness and profitability show that within two working years the family farm business was economically efficient

Economic Efficiency of Olive Growing

Olive growers need relevant information about economic justifications of their investments in the construction of new olive groves, and about economic effects of olive growing. In that context, the purpose of the research is the analysis of an investment in olive grove establishment and of the economic indicators of production of olives in full growth. The purpose is to establish the economic justification of investments in the olive groves establishment, and to establish the economic effectiveness of olive growing. In the course of work, the method of simulation modeling was applied. For the purpose of the research, a deterministic simulation model was constructed, consisting of a sub-model of olive grove establishment, and a sub-model of olive growing. Total investment value of 1 hectare of olive grove establishment amounts to 65,500 kn. Profit evaluation indicates that investment of 1 hectare of olive grove establishment is economically justifiable. An olive grove, 1 hectare large, in one year of full yield, makes a profit in the amount of 34,751 kn, and the olive grower has to evaluate if the economic results satisfy his expectations for the work he put in