Modelling the influence of kinship systems on human genetic diversity

International audienceKinship rules such as descent rules – indicating the group (lineage, clan) to which an individual is affiliated – and post-marital residence rules – determining the place of living of a couple after marriage – vary widely between human populations. In western societies, individuals are generally affiliated to the groups of both their parents (bilateral descent) and choose where to settle after their marriage (neolocality). However, the majority of populations display unilineal descent rules, that is, individuals are affiliated to the group of their father (patrilineal) or to the group of their mother (matrilineal), and are either patrilocal – the wife migrates to her husband’s village – or matrilocal – the husband settles in his wife’s village. Interestingly, human populations are currently mostly patrilineal (~ 40 %) and patrilocal (~ 60 %), but little is known about the evolution of these kinship rules in human history. Hence, we wonder if this overrepresentation of patrilineality and patrilocality always existed and, if not, when they became dominant in human populations. By modelling populations displaying different kinship rules, we evaluate the influence of these cultural practices on genetic diversity and identify relevant diversity estimators that could be applied to ancient DNA, in order to trace back the history of human social organizations in space and time

Modeling the influence of human kinship systems on genetic diversity

International audienceLes organisations sociales humaines sont caractérisées par trois grandes règles : la règle de filiation qui détermine le groupe auquel un individu est apparenté dans une population, la règle d’alliance qui encourage ou interdit certains types de mariages (ex. mariages entre cousins), et la règle de résidence post-maritale qui définit le lieu de résidence d’un couple après le mariage. D’après le Standard Cross-Cultural Sample publié par Murdock et White en 1969, environ 40 % des populations humaines actuelles seraient patrilinéaires, c’est-à-dire que les individus sont affiliés au lignage ou clan de leur père, et 60 % seraient patrilocales, ce qui signifie que les couples s’installent dans le lieu de naissance du mari après le mariage.L’histoire de ces organisations sociales est aujourd’hui méconnue, et nous ignorons depuis quand la patrilinéarité et la patrilocalité sont devenues majoritaires au sein des populations humaines. De précédentes études ont mis en évidence que les organisations sociales humaines induisent des dynamiques démographiques sexe-spécifiques (ex. biais de migration) et ont une influence sur la diversité génétique des populations. Afin de mieux caractériser l’impact de ces règles de parenté sur la diversité génétique des populations humaines, nous avons développé un modèle de populations présentant différentes règles de filiation et de résidence.En calculant plusieurs estimateurs de diversité sur les marqueurs uniparentaux (chromosome Y, ADN mitochondrial) ainsi que sur le chromosome X et les autosomes, nous mettons en évidence des signatures génétiques associées aux différentes règles modélisées. Ces estimateurs pourront ensuite être calculés sur des données d’ADN ancien afin de pouvoir retracer l’histoire des organisations sociales humaines dans le temps et l’espace

Modeling the influence of human kinship systems on genetic diversity

International audienceLes organisations sociales humaines sont caractérisées par trois grandes règles : la règle de filiation qui détermine le groupe auquel un individu est apparenté dans une population, la règle d’alliance qui encourage ou interdit certains types de mariages (ex. mariages entre cousins), et la règle de résidence post-maritale qui définit le lieu de résidence d’un couple après le mariage. D’après le Standard Cross-Cultural Sample publié par Murdock et White en 1969, environ 40 % des populations humaines actuelles seraient patrilinéaires, c’est-à-dire que les individus sont affiliés au lignage ou clan de leur père, et 60 % seraient patrilocales, ce qui signifie que les couples s’installent dans le lieu de naissance du mari après le mariage.L’histoire de ces organisations sociales est aujourd’hui méconnue, et nous ignorons depuis quand la patrilinéarité et la patrilocalité sont devenues majoritaires au sein des populations humaines. De précédentes études ont mis en évidence que les organisations sociales humaines induisent des dynamiques démographiques sexe-spécifiques (ex. biais de migration) et ont une influence sur la diversité génétique des populations. Afin de mieux caractériser l’impact de ces règles de parenté sur la diversité génétique des populations humaines, nous avons développé un modèle de populations présentant différentes règles de filiation et de résidence.En calculant plusieurs estimateurs de diversité sur les marqueurs uniparentaux (chromosome Y, ADN mitochondrial) ainsi que sur le chromosome X et les autosomes, nous mettons en évidence des signatures génétiques associées aux différentes règles modélisées. Ces estimateurs pourront ensuite être calculés sur des données d’ADN ancien afin de pouvoir retracer l’histoire des organisations sociales humaines dans le temps et l’espace

Modeling the influence of human social organizations on genetic diversity

International audienceHuman populations display a wide diversity of social organizations. These organizations are shaped by three major rules: the descent rule, the alliance rule and the post-marital residence rule. Nowadays, patrilineal and patrilocal organizations, for which individuals are affiliated to their paternal group and women settle in their husband’s village, are dominant among human populations, but the past history of human social organizations is currently poorly understood. Previous studies have highlighted that social organizations induce sex- biased behaviours and influence the diversity of uniparental markers (mitochondrial DNA and the non recombining portion of the Y chromosome), but also of autosomal markers (X/autosomes diversity ratios). In this study, we modeled different descent and post-marital residence rules to understand better their effects on human genomic diversity and to identify relevant diversity estimators that can be applied to ancient DNA data, in order to trace back the history of human social organizations in space and time

Modelling the influence of kinship systems on human genetic diversity

International audienceKinship rules such as descent rules – indicating the group (lineage, clan) to which an individual is affiliated – and post-marital residence rules – determining the place of living of a couple after marriage – vary widely between human populations. In western societies, individuals are generally affiliated to the groups of both their parents (bilateral descent) and choose where to settle after their marriage (neolocality). However, the majority of populations display unilineal descent rules, that is, individuals are affiliated to the group of their father (patrilineal) or to the group of their mother (matrilineal), and are either patrilocal – the wife migrates to her husband’s village – or matrilocal – the husband settles in his wife’s village. Interestingly, human populations are currently mostly patrilineal (~ 40 %) and patrilocal (~ 60 %), but little is known about the evolution of these kinship rules in human history. Hence, we wonder if this overrepresentation of patrilineality and patrilocality always existed and, if not, when they became dominant in human populations. By modelling populations displaying different kinship rules, we evaluate the influence of these cultural practices on genetic diversity and identify relevant diversity estimators that could be applied to ancient DNA, in order to trace back the history of human social organizations in space and time

Modeling the influence of human social organizations on genetic diversity

International audienceHuman populations display a wide diversity of social organizations. These organizations are shaped by three major rules: the descent rule, the alliance rule and the post-marital residence rule. Nowadays, patrilineal and patrilocal organizations, for which individuals are affiliated to their paternal group and women settle in their husband’s village, are dominant among human populations, but the past history of human social organizations is currently poorly understood. Previous studies have highlighted that social organizations induce sex- biased behaviours and influence the diversity of uniparental markers (mitochondrial DNA and the non recombining portion of the Y chromosome), but also of autosomal markers (X/autosomes diversity ratios). In this study, we modeled different descent and post-marital residence rules to understand better their effects on human genomic diversity and to identify relevant diversity estimators that can be applied to ancient DNA data, in order to trace back the history of human social organizations in space and time

Inference of the Cultural Transmission of Reproductive Success from human genomic data: ABC and machine learning methods

International audienceThe Cultural Transmission of Reproductive Success (CTRS) is one of the various cultural processes that can impact human genetic evolution. In this process, individuals from large families have more children on average. Here, we develop and evaluate methods to infer this process from genomic data, using two approaches: (1) Approximate Bayesian computation, which uses summary statistics computed on inferred genealogies from genomic data and (2) deep neural networks, which are directly trained on genomic data. These methods rely on large simulated datasets incorporating varying levels of CTRS. Both competing approaches show a good ability to infer CTRS on genomic data and worth investigating under more complex evolutionary histories

Inference of the Cultural Transmission of Reproductive Success from human genomic data: ABC and machine learning methods

International audienc

Inference of the Cultural Transmission of Reproductive Success from human genomic data: ABC and machine learning methods

International audienceThe Cultural Transmission of Reproductive Success (CTRS) is one of the various cultural processes that can impact human genetic evolution. In this process, individuals from large families have more children on average. Here, we develop and evaluate methods to infer this process from genomic data, using two approaches: (1) Approximate Bayesian computation, which uses summary statistics computed on inferred genealogies from genomic data and (2) deep neural networks, which are directly trained on genomic data. These methods rely on large simulated datasets incorporating varying levels of CTRS. Both competing approaches show a good ability to infer CTRS on genomic data and worth investigating under more complex evolutionary histories

Topological comparison of coalescent tree inference tools.

International audienc