Evaluation de lignées intra et inter spécifiques de riz en conditions irriguées au Sénégal

Parmi les deux espèces de riz cultivées, l’espèce africaine Oryza glaberrima Steudt. est une source de gènes utiles pour des caractères importants, qui n’existent pas chez l’espèce asiatique Oryza sativa L., limitant ainsi ses performances en Afrique. Cela a inspiré le processus d’hybridation interspécifique entre ces espèces pour développer un nouveau type de riz mieux adapté aux conditions de production du paysan africain. Dans l’optique d’élargissement de la diversité génétique du riz cultivé en conditions irriguées, l’évaluation des performances de 31 lignées intra- et interspécifiques, a été effectuée, dans un dispositif à blocs de Fisher à 2 répétitions, sur deux sites et deux saisons, dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal. L’analyse de variance combinée sur site et saison a montré un effet très significatif du génotype sur l’ensemble des caractères étudiés. Un effet significatif de la saison sur le cycle et de l’interaction Génotype x Site (G x E) sur la hauteur a aussi été observé. Cependant, aucun effet G x E sur le rendement et le nombre de panicules par m2 n’a été observé. Les rendements moyens varient entre 6,61 et 8,78 t.ha-1. Les lignées prometteuses identifiées devraient contribuer à l’amélioration des performances du riz cultivé dans la région.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Sénégal, lignées, diversité génétique, rendement, riziculture irriguéeEnglish Title: Evaluation of intra- and interspecific rice lines under irrigated conditions in SenegalEnglish AbstractAmong the two cultivated rice species, the African species Oryza glaberrima Steudt. is a source of useful genes for important traits, which do not exist in the Asian species Oryza sativa L., limiting thus its performance, in Africa. This has inspired the interspecific hybridization process between the two species to develop a new type of rice best suited to the production conditions of the African peasant. With the aim of broadening the genetic diversity cultivated rice in irrigated conditions, the performance evaluation of 31 lines, intra- and inter, was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications, on two sites and two seasons in the Senegal River valley. The analysis of variance combined over site and season shows a highly significant difference of Genotype (G) for all studied traits. A significant effect of season on cycle, and interaction genotype x location (G x E) on plant height, was also observed. However, no (G x E) effect on yield and number of panicles per quadrate meter were observed. The average of yield varies between 6.61 and 8.78  t.ha-1. Identified promising lines should contribute to the sustainable improvement of the performance of rice cultivated in the area.Keywords: Senegal, lines, genetic diversity, grain yield, irrigated ric

Inflammatory breast cancer: features and outcomes in a breast unit in Dakar, Senegal

Background: The aim of this study was to determine clinical features and outcomes of patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) treated in our breast unit.Methods: This study was performed at Gynaecologic and Obstetric Clinic of Dakar Teaching Hospital, in which a breast unit was created since 2007. All women with diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer in our Breast Unit between January 2010 and December 2013 were included in this study. The diagnosis of IBC was made clinically using the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and confirmed histologically. The follow-up cut-off for this data set was December 31st, 2014. All analyses for this study were performed using SPSS software (version 20.0).Results: Between 2010 and 2013, 22 women with breast cancer who met eligibility criteria were included out of 161 patients followed for breast cancer leading to a frequency of 13.6%. The median age at diagnosis was 43.4 years (26-79 years). Mean time to diagnosis was 4 months. The mean time to recurrence was 11.2 months. This recurrence was observed in 45.5% of cases. The median overall survival was 13.3 months (CI 95% 8.576-18.526), the survival rate was 31.8%.Conclusions: This series shows a high frequency of inflammatory breast cancer. These tumours are very aggressive with a very poor prognosis

Imperforate hymen complicated by obstructive acute renal failure

Imperforate hymen is a rare malformation (1/ 1000 female births). It is diagnosed most often during puberty. Early diagnosis of hematocolpos and evacuation is necessary to avoid any consequences. We report a rare case of an imperforate hymen complicated with acute urinary retention,  hydronephrosis and renal failure in a 14-year-old girl to emphasize thepossible misdiagnosis and its possible consequences. This is the firstcase we encounter in our unit

Perceptions of COVID-19 and the demand for integrated virtual educational system in Developing countries: Evidence from students in Senegal.

COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 and has since been a global pandemic. One sector that is brutal hit is the educational sector, especially as schools must be closed and restrictions on movements of people introduced and enforced. Several interventions including the virtual learning platforms in all learning stages were introduced to offset its impacts. This study analyzed the perceptions of tertiary students on COVID-19 and the demand for an integrated virtual educational system in Senegal. This involved 297 students in the second year or higher in the university. The results established mixed perceptions of students on COVID-19 which feed into the public perceptions of the pandemic in the country. Generally, there is a low interest in students in integrated virtual education, and this was influenced by factors such as low access to quality Wi-Fi services and access to scholarship education. It is recommended that the school authorities must ensure improved internet services on campus while national policies are designed to reduce the cost of internet services

Analysis of cesarean section rate according to Robson’s classification in an urban health centre in Senegal

Background: Robson, proposed a new classification system, the Robson’s Ten-Group Classification System to allow critical analysis according to characteristics of pregnancy. The objective was to describe caesarean rates in an urban health centre in Dakar using Robson’s Ten groups classificationMethods: This study was performed in Philippe Senghor health centre in Dakar (Senegal), a secondary health centre that performs CS since 2011. Before this date, only midwifes performed deliveries in this centre. The study took place between 1 January and 31 December 2013. All patients who delivered during this period by CS were included.Women were classified in 10 groups according to Robson’s classification, using maternal characteristics and obstetrical history. For each group, we calculated its relative size and its contribution to the overall caesarean rate.Results: The overall rate of caesarean was 18.2%. The main contributors to the overall caesarean rate were primiparous women in spontaneous labour (group 1) and women with previous caesarean section (group 5). Further analysis of group 1 showed that more than half of CS indications in this group were fetal-pelvic disproportion in 55.2% and fetal hypoxia in 27%.Conclusion: The Robson’s classification is easy to use. Each maternity unit can compare its rates with those of units with similar level, to find whether some groups of women have very high rates of caesarean sections. Attention should be made because CS rates is rising up and will be problematic in our low resource countries. It is time to implement obstetric audits to lower the CS rates

Absence of Wharton's jelly around an umbilical artery

Wharton's jelly is a mucoid, avascular and connective tissue which plays the role of umbilical vessels protection. Its absence exposes to poor neonatal outcomes or fetal death. We report a rare case of Absence of Wharton’s Jelly, diagnosed by examination of the placenta the examination with a live fetus

Valeur socio-économique de l’arbre en milieu malinké (Khossanto, Sénégal)

Objectif: Déterminer la valeur socio-économique des ligneux dans la vie des populations de la communauté rurale de Khossanto, dans la partie orientale du Sénégal et apprécier les savoirs et savoir-faire locaux vis-à-vis de l’arbre.Méthodologie et résultats: Des enquêtes ethnobotaniques ont été menés auprès des populations de la communauté rurale de Khossanto. Nous avons recensé les savoirs et savoir-faire des Malinkés vis-à-vis de l’arbre dans six catégories d’usages : alimentation, fourrage, construction, artisanat, énergie domestique et phytothérapie, avec des niveaux de consensus assez élevés (partout supérieur à 80%). Six espèces multi usages (impliquées dans presque toutes les catégories) s’avèrent être les plus utiles : Cordyla pinnata, Borassus aethiopum, Vitellaria paradoxa, Ziziphus mauritiana, Pterocarpus erinaceus et Adansonia digitata. Les fruits (31%), les feuilles (29%) et le bois (22%) sont les parties les plus utilisées.Conclusion et application des résultats: L’importance socio-économique de l’arbre en milieu malinké est clairement établie autour de six catégories d’usage : le fourrage, l’alimentation humaine, l’énergie domestique, la phytothérapie, la construction et l’artisanat. Cette importance des ligneux a pour corollaire un prélèvement assez intense de certaines parties, qui devient une menace pour ces espèces. Il apparaît important d’asseoir un modèle de gestion durable de ces parcours communautaires.Mots clés : Ligneux, usages, importance, Sénégal , Kédougou

Facteurs predictifs de mortalite par accident vasculaire cerebral (AVC) a la Clinique Neurologique du chu de Fann, Dakar - Senegal

Description Les AVC constituent un problème de santé publique avec une mortalité élevée. Objectif Identifier les facteurs prédictifs de mortalité par accidents vasculaires cérébraux à la Clinique Neurologique du CHU de Fann, Dakar. Méthodes Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective du 1er Janvier 2001 au 01 Novembre 2003 portant sur des patients avec AVC et ayant eu un examen tomodensitométrique cérébral. Les données sociodémographiques, les antécédents médicaux et chirurgicaux, les signes de gravité associés au tableau neurologique et le pronostic vital ont été collectés. Des analyses uni, bi et multivariées par la régression logistique multiple ont été effectuées. Résultats La population de patients (314) était composée de 56,1% de femmes avec une moyenne d’âge de 61,3 ans (±13,8), un délai moyen d’admission de 8,4 jours (±23,5). Les facteurs de risque d’AVC étaient dominés par l’HTA, l’antécédent d’AVC et le diabète. Les AVCI représentaient 60,2%. Un coma et une HTA étaient associés au tableau neurologique. Soixante dix huit (78) patients sont décédés soit un taux de létalité de 24,8%. Lors de l’analyse de régression logistique multivariée, seuls les antécédents d’AVC et l’existence de coma étaient associés de manière indépendante à la mortalité par AVC. Conclusion Ces résultats démontrent la nécessité d’une amélioration de la prise en charge des patients en unité de soins intensifs et la prévention des récidives d’AVC par une éducation sanitaire des malades.Mots-clés: accident vasculaire cérébral, mortalité, pronostic, Sénégal

A hospital based case control study of female breast cancer risk factors in a Sub-Saharan African country

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide with over 1.3 million new cases per year. There is a wide variation in the geographical burden of the disease with the highest incidences seen in the developed regions of the world and the lowest incidences observed in the least developed regions. The objective of this study was to understand further the risks for breast cancer in Senegalese population which can then inform public health strategies to try and reduce the burden of breast cancer.Methods: This matched case control study was conducted in 2015 in Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital in Dakar. All women with pathologically confirmed primary breast cancer were considered as cases. For each case, 2 age-matched women were recruited. We collected and compared demographic factors, family history of breast cancer, socioeconomic variables, reproductive variables (age at menarche, age at first pregnancy and first live birth, parity, menopausal status, duration of breastfeeding), and exogenous hormone use up to 6 months. Odds ratios from univariate logistic regression were used to estimate the relative risk of breast cancer associated with the various factors, and their predictive effects.Results: In all, 212 women with breast cancer who were diagnosed as having breast cancer and 424 control women were involved in the study. The mean±SD age of cases and controls was 43.37±11.94 years (range 18-83 years) and 42.04±11.08 years (range 18-84 years), respectively. There were no significant differences between cases and controls with regards to marital status, parity, age at menarche, past oral contraceptive use, age at first last full-term pregnancy and history of breastfeeding. Breast cancer risk was significantly greater in women with a family history of the disease (OR 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-3.31). A significant increase in breast cancer was observed among illiterate women compared to educated women (OR 1.27, CI 1.02-1.58), in premenopausal women and those without occupation.Conclusions: In this study, reproductive factors as early menarche or menopausal status were not associative to the risk of breast cancer and the early age at diagnosis and the positive history of breast cancer suggest a genetic pattern of this disease in Senegalese woman. But this fact is difficult to confirm for financial reasons