Lactose as an inexpensive starting material for the preparation of aldohexos-5-uloses: synthesis of L-ribo and D-lyxo derivatives

SUMMARY: Partially protected derivatives of L-ribo- and D-lyxo-aldohexos-5-ulose have been prepared starting from triacetonlactose dimethyl acetal derivatives. Key steps of the synthetic sequences are a) the synthesis of 4'-deoxy-4'-eno- and 6'-deoxy-5'-eno lactose derivatives, and b) the epoxidation-methanolysis of the above enol ethers to give 1,5-bis-glycopyranosides, masked form of the target 1,5-dicarbonyl hexoses

The influence of surface roughness on the rheology of immersed and dry frictional spheres

Pressure-imposed rheometry is used to examine the influence of surface roughness on the rheology of immersed and dry frictional spheres in the dense regime. The quasi-static value of the effective friction coefficient is not significantly affected by particle roughness while the critical volume fraction at jamming decreases with increasing roughness. These values are found to be similar in immersed and dry conditions. Rescaling the volume fraction by the maximum volume fraction leads to collapses of rheological data on master curves. The asymptotic behaviors are examined close to the jamming transition

Scale-free channeling patterns near the onset of erosion of sheared granular beds

Erosion shapes our landscape and occurs when a sufficient shear stress is exerted by a fluid on a sedimented layer. What controls erosion at a microscopic level remains debated, especially near the threshold forcing where it stops. Here we study experimentally the collective dynamics of the moving particles, using a set-up where the system spontaneously evolves toward the erosion onset. We find that the spatial organization of the erosion flux is heterogeneous in space, and occurs along channels of local flux $\sigma$ whose distribution displays scaling near threshold and follows $P(\sigma)\sim J/\sigma$, where $J$ is the mean erosion flux. Channels are strongly correlated in the direction of forcing but not in the transverse direction. We show that these results quantitatively agree with a model where the dynamics is governed by the competition of disorder (which channels mobile particles) and particle interactions (which reduces channeling). These observations support that for laminar flows, erosion is a dynamical phase transition which shares similarity with the plastic depinning transition occurring in dirty superconductors. The methodology we introduce here could be applied to probe these systems as well.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

"rumori e silenzi" l'altra via dei platani

La tesi si pone come obiettivo la progettazione architettonica di un complesso di edifici, strutture e spazi pubblici sito a Calambrone in via dei Platani. Alla progettazione architettonica si aggiunge un approfondimento di analisi e calcolo strutturale

Transition from viscous to inertial regime in dense suspensions

Non-Brownian suspensions present a transition from Newtonian behavior in the zero-shear limit to a shear thickening behaviour at a large shear rate, none of which is clearly understood so far. Here, we carry out numerical simulations of such an athermal dense suspension under shear, at an imposed confining pressure. This set-up is conceptually identical to the recent experiments of Boyer and co-workers [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107,188301 (2011)]. Varying the interstitial fluid viscosities, we recover the Newtonian and Bagnoldian regimes and show that they correspond to a dissipation dominated by viscous and contact forces respectively. We show that the two rheological regimes can be unified as a function of a single dimensionless number, by adding the contributions to the dissipation at a given volume fraction.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Non-Poisson statistics of settling spheres

International audienceDirect tracking of the particle positions in a sedimenting suspension indicates that the particles are not simply randomly distributed. The initial mixing of the suspension leads to a microstructure which consists of regions devoid of particles surrounded by regions where particles have an excess of close neighbors and which is maintained during sedimentation