A Microscopic Model for the Second-Harmonic Generation from C60

We discuss the microscopic origin of the Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) resonance at ħω=1.81 eV, based on spectroscopic and thickness dependent SHG measurements on C60 thin films. We assign the three-level diagram responsible for the observed SHG resonance, and show it to be of magnetic-dipole-induced origin. Furthermore we explain the absence of almost any surface contributions, and the narrow line width of the involved HOMO-LUMO (11Ag→11T1g) excitation at 1.81 eV

Maternal behaviour in domestic dogs: a comparison between primiparous and multiparous dogs

Maternal care was assessed in 10 litters from different breeds of domestic dog living in a home environment. Subjects were divided into two groups; a primiparous group (5 mothers, 32.4±22.3 months old; 5.0±1.6 puppies per litter) and a multiparous group (5 mothers, 74.4±10.0 months old, 6.6 ±1.7 puppies per litter). Mothers and puppies were videoed for 15 minutes each day, in the morning, from day 1 to 21 after the birth. Videos were analysed on a second-by-second basis, observing each mother-puppy couple and using an ethogram of mother-puppy interaction behaviours adapted from Rheingold (1963). The median total amount each interaction behaviour (during the 21 day period) was compared between primiparous and multiparous groups (Mann Whitney test). Levels of each interaction behaviour were also compared between the groups at three timepoints (day 1, 10 & 19) to investigate changes in maternal behaviour during the three weeks of observation (Mann Whitney test ). Within-group changes in interaction behaviours were evaluated for the same time points (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Total contact between mother and pup was significantly higher during the 21 day period in multiparous mothers, and remained consistent between timepoints. In primiparous mothers there was a statistically significant increase in contact over time that, at day 19, led to a statistically higher value compared to multiparous mothers (p=0.042; U=283.000). Primiparous mothers showed a significant increase in nursing behaviour during the analysed period, and when compared with multiparous mothers, were found to spend significantly more time nursing their puppies at day 19 (p=0.002;U=212.000). The amount of licking of the anogenital area was found to be significantly higher in primiparous mothers over the 21-day period, and increased significantly from day 1 to day 19. When compared with multiparous mothers, primiparous mothers were found to spend significantly more time licking the anogenital area of their puppies at day 19 (p=0.001; U=199.500). In summary, in primiparous mothers there was a marked increase in licking the anogenital area, nursing and staying in contact with the puppies from day 1 to 21, which led at the end of the third week to a higher quantity of maternal care compared to multiparous mothers; whilst in multiparous mothers there was a tendency towards constant maternal care. These preliminary results suggest interesting differences in maternal behaviour between primiparous and multiparous bitches

Developing Policies and Actions in Response to Missed Nursing Care: A Consensus Process

16siAIM: To support the development of appropriate policies and actions in the field of Missed Nursing Care (MNC). BACKGROUND: There has been an ever-growing international debate on MNC, interventions that nurses have identified as necessary for their patients, but which for various reasons they are unable to provide or are forced to delay. Despite MNC's relevance, its translation into policies and actions has not been documented to date. METHOD: A Consensus Development Method was employed involving (1) a Nominal Group composed of experts in the field, policymakers, and the President of the Regional Nursing Professional Boards, and (2) 218 nurses appointed primarily at the managerial levels. RESULTS: A total of eight Consensus Statements were approved and organised in a series of sub-statements designed to: (1) Render the concept of MNC culturally acceptable in the Italian context, with the agreement that Compromised Nursing Care (CNC) is the best term to be used in this field, as a synonym for MNC; (2) Measure CNC as a strategy to increase patient safety; (3) Select an appropriate CNC measurement tool; (4) Optimise CNC measurement; (5) Conduct effective CNC data analysis; (6) Design and implement interventions to prevent and/or minimise CNC; (7) Assess and disseminate findings on interventions' effectiveness, and (8) provide final remarks on the way to move forward. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a process to introduce the phenomenon of MNC in the Italian culture and agreed firstly on the term Compromised Nursing Care, which better reflects MNC's meaning according to the context, and facilitates an open discussion on the phenomenon both within and outside the profession. The following Consensus Statements emerged represent a systematic approach, starting from the measurement and finishing with the re-measurement of the occurrence of MNC after having implemented concrete actions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The approved Consensus Statements can guide decision-makers to develop concrete policies and actions that promote the improvement of quality of care and patients' safety by minimising and/or preventing MNC's occurrence.partially_openembargoed_20200726Palese, Alvisa; Bassi, Erika; Tommasini, Cristina; Vesca, Roberta; Di Falco, Achille; De Lucia, Paola; Mulloni, Giovanna; Paoletti, Flavio; Rissolo, Raffaela; Sist, Luisa; Sanson, Gianfranco; Guardini, Ilario; Bressan, Valentina; Mesaglio, Maura; Papastavrou, Evridiki; Blackman, IanPalese, Alvisa; Bassi, Erika; Tommasini, Cristina; Vesca, Roberta; Di Falco, Achille; De Lucia, Paola; Mulloni, Giovanna; Paoletti, Flavio; Rissolo, Raffaela; Sist, Luisa; Sanson, Gianfranco; Guardini, Ilario; Bressan, Valentina; Mesaglio, Maura; Papastavrou, Evridiki; Blackman, Ia

Missed nursing care e pratica infermieristica italiana: risultati preliminari di una consensus conference

Negli ultimi anni \ue8 emerso un crescente interesse per le missed nursing care anche nel contesto italiano grazie a diversi fattori tra i quali la partecipazione al progetto RANCARE insieme a 28 paesi Europei e non, l\u2019opportunit\ue0 di organizzare scambi internazionali, di condurre revisioni sistematiche e progetti di ricerca specifici nel campo. Per affrontare questioni metodologiche specifiche emerse via via nel nostro percorso di ricerca e diffusione dei risultati sulle missed nursing care nella pratica italiana, abbiamo organizzato una consensus conference dopo aver realizzato una revisione preliminare della letteratura sul concetto e sulle propriet\ue0 psicometriche delle scale disponibili per migliorare la conoscenza del concetto di missed nursing care, le sue implicazioni per la pratica, il management, la formazione e la ricerca. Alla fine della conferenza, durata due giorni, oltre 200 infermieri partecipanti hanno approvato una serie di raccomandazioni sulle missed nursing care e la pratica infermieristica italiana. Questo documento riporta i risultati preliminari del consenso raggiunto