Factors affecting blood lead levels (Logistic regression analysis).

<p>Factors affecting blood lead levels (Logistic regression analysis).</p

Difference in lead level by ages (µg/L).

a<p>the age of 1 to 3-year-old is higher than 0 to 1-year-old, p<0.001;</p>b<p>the age of 3 to 6-year-old is higher than 1 to 3-year-old, p<0.001.</p><p>Difference in lead level by ages (µg/L).</p

Data_Sheet_1_Association between type 2 inflammatory diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders in low-birth-weight children and adolescents.docx

BackgroundEvidence of the association of certain neurodevelopmental disorder with specific type 2 inflammatory (T2) disease has been found. However, the association of various neurodevelopmental disorders with T2 diseases as a whole remains unclear in low-birth-weight (LBW) infants.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of type 2 inflammatory (T2) diseases with intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disability (LD) in LBW children and adolescents.MethodsThe study sample was derived from 2005 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey sample child files. LBW children and adolescents aged 3–17 were included. History of T2 diseases (including asthma and atopic dermatitis) and four neurodevelopmental disorders were reported by adults in families. The relationship between T2 diseases and the risk of four neurodevelopmental disorders was investigated through multiple-weighted logistic regression. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, region, highest education in family and ratio of family income to the poverty threshold were adjusted as covariates for model estimation. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age stratification (3–11 and 12–17 years), sex (male and female), and race (white and non-white).Results11,260 LBW children aged 3–17 years [mean age (SE), 9.73 (0.05) years] were included, in which 3,191 children had T2 diseases. History of T2 diseases was associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, with an OR of 1.35 (95% CI, 0.99–1.84) for ID, 1.47 (95% CI, 1.05–2.05) for ASD, 1.81 (95% CI, 1.51–2.16) for ADHD, and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.49–2.04) for LD following the adjustment of all the covariates. The correlations between T2 disorders and each of the four neurodevelopmental disorders were significantly different by sex and race (all P for interaction 0.05).ConclusionIn a nationally representative sample of children, we found a significant association of T2 diseases with ASD, ADHD, and LD, even after adjusting for demographic baseline. We also found that the association of T2 disease with neurodevelopmental disorders differed between sex and race. Further investigation is needed to evaluate causal relationships and elucidate their potential mechanisms.</p

Difference in lead level by gender (µg/L).

a<p>boys are higher than girls, p<0.001;</p><p>Difference in lead level by gender (µg/L).</p

<b>Figure 1</b> showed that the blood lead level of this survey was significantly lower than the blood lead level of 1997.

<p>This survey showed that the Chongming district was the highest and Yangpu district was the lowest. 1997's survey showed that Yangpu district was the highest among all the five districts, and the Chongming district was the lowest.</p