2 research outputs found
Programmed Nanococktail Based on pH-Responsive Function Switch for Self-Synergistic Tumor-Targeting Therapy
Tumor-targeting
combination chemotherapy is an important way to improve the therapeutic
index and reduce the side effects as compared to traditional cancer
treatments. However, one of the major challenges in surface functionalization
of nanoparticle (NP) is accomplishing multiple purposes through one
single ligand. Upon such consideration, methotrexate (MTX), an anticancer
drug with a targeting moiety inspired by the similar structure of
folate, could be used to covalently link with lipid-polymer conjugate
(DSPE-PEG) via a pH-sensitive dynamic covalent imine (CHî—»N)
bond to synthesize the acid-induced function “targeting-anticancer”
switching DSPE-PEG-CHî—»N-MTX. We hypothesize that using this
kind of MTX prodrug to functionalize NP’s surface would be
conductive to combine the early phase active targeting function and
the late-phase anticancer function in one nanosystem. Herein, a nanococktail
is programmed for codelivery of epirubicin (EPI) and MTX by co-self-assembly
of acid-dissociated EPI-phospholipid (PC) complex and acid-cleavable
DSPE-PEG-CHî—»N-MTX conjugate. The obtained nanococktail (MTX-PEG-EPI-PC
NPs) could not only actively target folate receptors-overexpressing
tumor cells but also respond to acidic endo/lysosomes for triggering
the on-demand release of pharmaceutically active EPI/MTX. The intracellular
drug distribution also demonstrated that the system could codeliver
two drugs to individual target sites of action, inducing the significant
synergistic anticancer efficiency based on different anticancer mechanisms.
More importantly, the in vivo tumor accumulation and anticancer efficacy
of MTX-PEG-EPI-PC NPs (via cleavable imine bond) were significantly
enhanced as compared to the individual free drug, both free drugs,
PEG-EPI-PC NPs, and MTX-PEG-EPI-PC NPs (via the uncleavable amide
bond). This self-synergistic tumor-targeting therapy might represent
a promising strategy for cancer treatment
Methotrexate–Camptothecin Prodrug Nanoassemblies as a Versatile Nanoplatform for Biomodal Imaging-Guided Self-Active Targeted and Synergistic Chemotherapy
“All-in-one”
carrier-free-based nano-multi-drug self-delivery system could combine
triple advantages of small molecules, nanoscale characteristics, and
synergistic combination therapy together. Researches have showed that
dual-acting small-molecular methotrexate (MTX) could target and kill
the folate-receptor-overexpressing cancer cells. Inspired by this
mechanism, a novel collaborative early-phase tumor-selective targeting
and late-phase synergistic anticancer approach was developed for the
self-assembly of chemotherapeutic drug–drug conjugate, which
showed various advantages of more simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility
over the conventional approach based only on single or combination
cancer chemotherapy. MTX and 10-hydroxyl camptothecin (CPT) were chosen
to conjugate through ester linkage. Because of the amphiphilicity
and ionicity, MTX-CPT conjugates as molecular building blocks could
self-assemble into MTX-CPT nanoparticles (MTX-CPT NPs) in aqueous
solution, thus notably improving the aqueous solubility of CPT and
the membrane permeability of MTX. The MTX-CPT NPs with a precise drug-to-drug
ratio showed pH-/esterase-responsive drug release, sequential function “Targeting–Anticancer”
switch, and real-time monitoring fluorescence “Off–On”
switch. By doping with a lipophilic near-infrared (NIR) cyanine dye
(e.g., 1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindoÂtricarbocyanine
iodide, DiR), the prepared DiR-loaded MTX-CPT NPs acted as an effective
probe for <i>in vivo</i> NIR fluorescence (NIRF) and photoacoustic
(PA) dual-modal imaging. Both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies demonstrated that MTX-CPT NPs could specifically
codeliver multidrug to different sites of action with distinct anticancer
mechanisms to kill folate-receptor-overexpressing tumor cells in a
synergistic way. This novel, simple, and highly convergent self-targeting
nanomulti-drug codelivery system exhibited great potential in cancer
therapy