Research on insulation joint damage of the station track circuit in high speed and heavy load condition

In high-speed and heavy-load operation environment, the insulation joints of the station track circuit are damaged in many stations, which caused the carrier information of the adjacent sections to interfere with each other, endangered the safety of the train and reduced the reliability of the track circuit. In order to solve the incorrect code problem caused by the insulation joint breakage, we analysed the insulation damage situation for the station track circuit and the structural principle of BES choke transformer. Then the different structures of the insulation damage protection circuit are given and the relevant parameters are obtained, and verifying the anti-interference ability of the new BES choke transformer. Finally, a complete four-terminal network model of the new BES choke transformer is established. And its four-terminal network parameters are calculated by matlab simulation, which provides the theoretical basis for establishing the track circuit complete system

Research on insulation joint damage of the station track circuit in high speed and heavy load condition

In high-speed and heavy-load operation environment, the insulation joints of the station track circuit are damaged in many stations, which caused the carrier information of the adjacent sections to interfere with each other, endangered the safety of the train and reduced the reliability of the track circuit. In order to solve the incorrect code problem caused by the insulation joint breakage, we analysed the insulation damage situation for the station track circuit and the structural principle of BES choke transformer. Then the different structures of the insulation damage protection circuit are given and the relevant parameters are obtained, and verifying the anti-interference ability of the new BES choke transformer. Finally, a complete four-terminal network model of the new BES choke transformer is established. And its four-terminal network parameters are calculated by matlab simulation, which provides the theoretical basis for establishing the track circuit complete system

Tomato Leaf Disease Recognition via Optimizing Deep Learning Methods Considering Global Pixel Value Distribution

In image classification of tomato leaf diseases based on deep learning, models often focus on features such as edges, stems, backgrounds, and shadows of the experimental samples, while ignoring the features of the disease area, resulting in weak generalization ability. In this study, a self-attention mechanism called GD-Attention is proposed, which considers global pixel value distribution information and guide the deep learning model to give more concern on the leaf disease area. Based on data augmentation, the proposed method inputs both the image and its pixel value distribution information to the model. The GD-Attention mechanism guides the model to extract features related to pixel value distribution information, thereby increasing attention towards the disease area. The model is trained and tested on the Plant Village (PV) dataset, and by analyzing the generated attention heatmaps, it is observed that the disease area obtains greater weight. The results achieve an accuracy of 99.97% and 27 MB parameters only. Compared to classical and state-of-the-art models, our model showcases competitive performance. As a next step, we are committed to further research and application, aiming to address real-world, complex scenarios

Research on variable universe fuzzy PID control for semi-active suspension with CDC dampers based on dynamic adjustment functions

Abstract The vehicle suspension system is a complex system with multiple variables, nonlinearity and time-varying characteristics, and the traditional variable universe fuzzy PID control algorithm has the problems of over-reliance on expert experience and non-adaptive adjustment of the contracting-expanding factor parameters, which make it difficult to achieve a better control effect. In this paper, the system error e(t) and its change rate ec(t) are introduced into the contracting-expanding factor as dynamic parameters to realize the adaptive adjustment of the contracting-expanding factor parameters, and propose a variable universe fuzzy PID control based on dynamic adjustment functions (VUFP-DAF), which uses the real-time contracting-expanding factor to realize the adaptive adjustment of the fuzzy universe, so as to improve the ride comfort of vehicles. The research results show that the proposed VUFP-DAF has strong adaptability and can effectively improve the ride comfort and handling stability of vehicles under different speeds and road excitations, providing a certain technical basis for the development of the semi-active suspension system

Regulatory B Cell Function Is Suppressed by Smoking and Obesity in H. pylori-Infected Subjects and Is Correlated with Elevated Risk of Gastric Cancer.

Helicobacter pylori infection occurs in more than half of the world's population and is the main cause for gastric cancer. A series of lifestyle and nutritional factors, such as tobacco smoking and obesity, have been found to elevate the risk for cancer development. In this study, we sought to determine the immunological aspects during H. pylori infection and gastric cancer development. We found that B cells from H. pylori-infected patients presented altered composition and function compared to uninfected patients. IL-10-expressing CD24+CD38+ B cells were upregulated in H. pylori-infected patients, contained potent regulatory activity in inhibiting T cell pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and responded directly to H. pylori antigen stimulation. Interestingly, in H. pylori-infected smoking subjects and obese subjects, the number of IL-10+ B cells and CD24+CD38+ B cells were reduced compared to H. pylori-infected asymptomatic subjects. Regulatory functions mediated by CD24+CD38+ B cells were also impaired. In addition, gastric cancer positive patients had reduced IL-10-producing B cell frequencies after H. pylori-stimulation. Altogether, these data suggest that in H. pylori-infection, CD24+CD38+ B cell is upregulated and plays a role in suppressing pro-inflammatory responses, possibly through IL-10 production, a feature that was not observed in smoking and obese patients

CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cell responses to bacterial antigen stimulation in different study groups.

<p>Total B cells were isolated from PBMCs by negative selection and then cultured in the absence or presence of heat-killed <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> bacterium, together with IL-10 capture beads. After 72h incubation, the secretion of IL-10 in the supernatant was collected by capture beads and measured by luminex assay. The B cells were also harvested for intracellular IL-10 staining. N = 8 for every group. (A) Secreted IL-10 concentration in the supernatant. (B) Percentage of IL-10⁺ cells in CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells at the end of the 72h incubation. *: P< 0.05. **: P<0.01. ***: P<0.001. (Student’s <i>t</i> test).</p

T cell cytokine secretion after co-culturing with autologous whole B cells, CD24⁺CD38⁺-depleted B cells, or CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells.

<p>Pure B cells and T cells were isolated from whole PBMCs through magnetic negative selection. Purified B cells were stained with anti-human CD24 and anti-human CD38 antibodies and sent for live cell sorting. The whole B cells, CD24⁺CD38⁺-depleted B cells, or purified CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells were then co-cultured with autologous T cells in vitro at 1-to-1 ratio for 72h, after which T cells were further separated through magnetic selection into CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ fractions and cultured in the presence of plate-bound anti-CD3 antibody and cytokine capture beads for 6 days. N = 8 for each group. The cytokine productions from (A) CD4⁺ T cells and (B) CD8⁺ T cells were then measured by sensitive luminex assay. *: P< 0.05. **: P<0.01. ***: P<0.001. (Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Dunn’s test).</p

Frequencies of IL-10⁺ B cells and CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells in study subjects with or without gastric cancer development.

<p>Patients’ gastric cancer status was tracked for 5 years after initial sample collection. (A) The frequencies of IL-10⁺ cells in CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells after direct <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> stimulation in <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i>-infected smoking subjects and obese subjects (B) The percentages of CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells in total B cells in <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i>-infected smoking subjects and obese subjects. N = 8 for every group. *: P< 0.05. (Student’s <i>t</i> test).</p

B cell cytokine expression in H. pylori-infected subjects and in healthy controls.

<p>(A) Percentages of total B cells expressing IL-2, IFN-g, TNF-a, and TGF-b in <i>H</i>. <i>pylori-</i>uninfected (N = 7), <i>H</i>.<i>pylori-</i>infected asymptomatic (N = 8), <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i>-infected smoking (N = 6), and <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i>-infected obese (N = 6) subjects under unstimulated (without PMA/ionomycin) condition. (B) Representative dot plots of B cell intracellular cytokine staining without or with PMA/ionomycin stimulation, from an uninfected subject. The cytokine expressions of total B cells minus CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells (non-CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells) and that of CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells were shown separately. (C) Percentages of IL-10-expressing, non-CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells and CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells in all study groups, under both unstimulated and PMA/ionomycin stimulated conditions. (D) Numbers of IL-10⁺ B cells in study groups, calculated by the percentage of IL-10-expressing cells in CD24⁺CD38⁺ B cells multiplied by the percentage of CD24⁺CD38⁺ in total B cells (as shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0134591#pone.0134591.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1C</a>). *: P< 0.05. **: P<0.01. ***: P<0.001. (Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Dunn’s test). For dot plots, 5000 events in each gate were shown.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects.

<p>Continuous data were represented as mean (range).</p><p>Past smoker: smoked before but no longer smoking for at least 1 y.</p><p>Current smoker: currently smoking with at least 10 y history.</p><p>N.S.: not significant.</p><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects.</p