Baicalin Normalizes Blood Glucose Level in Streptozotocin -induced Diabetic Rats

This study aimed to determine the effect of baicalin on insulin resistance, glucose absorption, and blood lipids in type 2 diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats were treated with baicalin (40, 80 mg/kg) for 40 days. The results showed that diabetic rats treated with baicalin resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of plasma triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, improved the body weight. Furthermore, baicalin markedly decreased blood glucose level in the diabetic rats. The levels of plasma insulin and resistin exhibited significantly lower in the diabetic rats treated with baicalin than those of the model group. These findings suggest that baicalin can improve adipose metabolic disturbance in the experimental type 2 diabetic rats, can effectively ameliorate insulin resistance and plasma glucose transport by decreasing the levels of plasma resistin.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Baicalin Normalizes Blood Glucose Level in Streptozotocin -induced Diabetic Rats

This study aimed to determine the effect of baicalin on insulin resistance, glucose absorption, and blood lipids in type 2 diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats were treated with baicalin (40, 80 mg/kg) for 40 days. The results showed that diabetic rats treated with baicalin resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of plasma triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, improved the body weight. Furthermore, baicalin markedly decreased blood glucose level in the diabetic rats. The levels of plasma insulin and resistin exhibited significantly lower in the diabetic rats treated with baicalin than those of the model group. These findings suggest that baicalin can improve adipose metabolic disturbance in the experimental type 2 diabetic rats, can effectively ameliorate insulin resistance and plasma glucose transport by decreasing the levels of plasma resistin.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Baicalin Normalizes Blood Glucose Level in Streptozotocin -induced Diabetic Rats

This study aimed to determine the effect of baicalin on insulin resistance, glucose absorption, and blood lipids in type 2 diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats were treated with baicalin (40, 80 mg/kg) for 40 days. The results showed that diabetic rats treated with baicalin resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of plasma triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, improved the body weight. Furthermore, baicalin markedly decreased blood glucose level in the diabetic rats. The levels of plasma insulin and resistin exhibited significantly lower in the diabetic rats treated with baicalin than those of the model group. These findings suggest that baicalin can improve adipose metabolic disturbance in the experimental type 2 diabetic rats, can effectively ameliorate insulin resistance and plasma glucose transport by decreasing the levels of plasma resistin.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

<i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i> SAM-VI Riboswitch Conformation Change Requires Peripheral Helix Formation

The Bifidobacterium bifidum SAM-VI riboswitch undergoes dynamic conformational changes that modulate downstream gene expression. Traditional structural methods such as crystallography capture the bound conformation at high resolution, and additional efforts would reveal details from the dynamic transition. Here, we revealed a transcription-dependent conformation model for Bifidobacterium bifidum SAM-VI riboswitch. In this study, we combine small-angle X-ray scattering, chemical probing, and isothermal titration calorimetry to unveil the ligand-binding properties and conformational changes of the Bifidobacterium bifidum SAM-VI riboswitch and its variants. Our results suggest that the SAM-VI riboswitch contains a pre-organized ligand-binding pocket and stabilizes into the bound conformation upon binding to SAM. Whether the P1 stem formed and variations in length critically influence the conformational dynamics of the SAM-VI riboswitch. Our study provides the basis for artificially engineering the riboswitch by manipulating its peripheral sequences without modifying the SAM-binding core

Identification of C21 Steroidal Glycosides from Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) and Evaluation of Their Glucose Uptake Activities

Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult is a multi-purpose traditional medicine that has long been used for the treatment of various diseases. To discover the potential bioactive composition of G. sylvestre, a chemical investigation was thus performed. In this research, four new C21 steroidal glycosides sylvepregosides A-D (1–4) were isolated along with four known compounds, gymnepregoside H (5), deacetylkidjoladinin (6), gymnepregoside G (7) and gymnepregoside I (8), from the ethyl acetate fraction of G. sylvestre. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra with mass spectroscopy data. Compounds 1–6 promoted glucose uptake by the range of 1.10- to 2.37-fold, respectively. Compound 1 showed the most potent glucose uptake, with 1.37-fold enhancement. Further study showed that compounds 1 and 5 could promote GLUT-4 fusion with the plasma membrane in L6 cells. The result attained in this study indicated that the separation and characterization of these compounds play an important role in the research and development of new anti-diabetic drugs and pharmaceutical industry

A study on a hybrid SERS substrates based on arrayed gold nanoparticle/graphene/copper cone cavities fabricated by a conical tip indentation

The pesticide residues with low concentration are important to detect in food safety. Although a lot of methods, such as spectrophotometry, colorimetry and liquid chromatography, are used to detect pesticide residues, they often suffer from low efficiency and long detection time. Here, a hybrid Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrate, namely, Au nanoparticle/copper-based graphene/arrayed cone cavities (Au@GR@Cu cone cavities), is fabricated for pesticide residues detection through sputtering Au nanoparticle and generating periodical cone cavity structures on the copper-based graphene surface. By actively controlling the interspace between adjacent cone cavities, both surface topographies and the number of graphene layers on the SERS substrate could be modulated, creating an effective control on the functional performance of the SERS substrate. Both sensitivity and reliability of the hybrid SERS substrate were evaluated by Raman Spectroscopy detection. The experimental results indicated that both 10−9 mol/L malachite green and 10−7 mol/L paraquat could be detected, respectively. Moreover, the detected Raman intensity of malachite green only dropped by 11.89% in a month and 29.8% in two months, respectively. The hotspot distribution was also characterized by 2-dimensional Raman mapping. The research finding is expected to provide a new insight in development of innovative SERS substrates

A Reuse-Oriented Process Component Representation Framework

Process Reuse, as well as Product Reuse, can reduce the cost and the time to deliver software when compared to independently developed products. This paper proposes a systematic representation framework for the description and classification of Process Component (PC), which is composed of three levels of information description, namely PC’s General Information Description, PC’s Specification Description and PC’s Data Description respectively. In order to facilitate the reuse and retrieval of PC, a facet-based PC classification scheme and an XML-based process modeling language (xPML) is presented. A reuse based process and project management system (P2MS) to support process improvement and control is also included in this paper

Influence of Beam Offset on Dissimilar Laser Welding of Molybdenum to Titanium

Dissimilar joining of molybdenum (Mo) to titanium (Ti) is of great significance to the design and fabrication of high-temperature facilities. However, few reports were found about fusion joining of these two metals. The objective of this paper is to assess the feasibility of laser beam welding (LBW) of 2 mm-thick molybdenum and titanium. The effects of laser beam offset on the laser dissimilar joint of pure molybdenum to pure titanium were analyzed in terms of microstructure, chemical composition, microhardness, and tensile behavior. The results showed that the weld appearance improved with the increase of the offset. The fusion zone was strengthened because of the solid solution of these two elements. The mechanical properties of samples increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of offset. When the laser beam irradiated on the titanium plate and the center of the laser spot was 0.5 mm away from the Mo/Ti interface, the joint performed the highest tensile strength, which was about 70% that of titanium base metal. LBW was demonstrated to be a promising method to join dissimilar Mo/Ti joint

A Semi-Analytical Methodology for Multiwell Productivity Index of Well-Industry-Production-Scheme in Tight Oil Reservoirs

Recently, the well-industry-production-scheme (WIPS) has attracted more and more attention to improve tight oil recovery. However, multi-well pressure interference (MWPI) induced by well-industry-production-scheme (WIPS) strongly challenges the traditional transient pressure analysis methods, which focus on single multi-fractured horizontal wells (SMFHWs) without MWPI. Therefore, a semi-analytical methodology for multiwell productivity index (MPI) was proposed to study well performance of WIPS scheme in tight reservoir. To facilitate methodology development, the conceptual models of tight formation and WIPS scheme were firstly described. Secondly, seepage models of tight reservoir and hydraulic fractures (HFs) were sequentially established and then dynamically coupled. Numerical simulation was utilized to validate our model. Finally, identification of flow regimes and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Our results showed that there was good agreement between our proposed model and numerical simulation; moreover, our approach also gave promising calculation speed over numerical simulation. Some expected flow regimes were significantly distorted due to WIPS. The slope of type curves which characterize the linear or bi-linear flow regime is bigger than 0.5 or 0.25. The horizontal line which characterize radial flow regime is also bigger 0.5. The smaller the oil rate, the more severely flow regimes were distorted. Well rate mainly determines the distortion of MPI curves, while fracture length, well spacing, fracture spacing mainly determine when the distortion of the MPI curves occurs. The bigger the well rate, the more severely the MPI curves are distorted. While as the well spacing decreases, fracture length increases, fracture spacing increases, occurrence of MWPI become earlier. Stress sensitivity coefficient mainly affects the MPI at the formation pseudo-radial flow stage, almost has no influence on the occurrence of MWPI. This work gains some addictive insights on multi-well performance for WIPS scheme in tight reservoir, which can provide considerable guidance on fracture properties estimation as well as well adjustment of production operation for WIPS scheme