879 research outputs found
2-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium perchlorate
In the title molecular salt, C14H13N2O2
+·ClO4
−, the ring systems in the cation are almost coplanar [dihedral angle = 5.53 (13)°]. Intramolecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate S(6) and S(5) rings, respectively. In the crystal, the two H atoms involved in the intramolecular hydrogen bonds also participate in intermolecular links to acceptor O atoms of the perchlorate anions. A simple intermolecular N—H⋯O bond also occurs. Together, these form a double-chain structure along [101]
Spatial clustering and common regulatory elements correlate with coordinated gene expression
Many cellular responses to surrounding cues require temporally concerted
transcriptional regulation of multiple genes. In prokaryotic cells, a
single-input-module motif with one transcription factor regulating multiple
target genes can generate coordinated gene expression. In eukaryotic cells,
transcriptional activity of a gene is affected by not only transcription
factors but also the epigenetic modifications and three-dimensional chromosome
structure of the gene. To examine how local gene environment and transcription
factor regulation are coupled, we performed a combined analysis of time-course
RNA-seq data of TGF-\b{eta} treated MCF10A cells and related epigenomic and
Hi-C data. Using Dynamic Regulatory Events Miner (DREM), we clustered
differentially expressed genes based on gene expression profiles and associated
transcription factors. Genes in each class have similar temporal gene
expression patterns and share common transcription factors. Next, we defined a
set of linear and radial distribution functions, as used in statistical
physics, to measure the distributions of genes within a class both spatially
and linearly along the genomic sequence. Remarkably, genes within the same
class despite sometimes being separated by tens of million bases (Mb) along
genomic sequence show a significantly higher tendency to be spatially close
despite sometimes being separated by tens of Mb along the genomic sequence than
those belonging to different classes do. Analyses extended to the process of
mouse nervous system development arrived at similar conclusions. Future studies
will be able to test whether this spatial organization of chromosomes
contributes to concerted gene expression.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, accepted in PLoS Computational Biolog
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Remapping annual precipitation in mountainous areas based on vegetation patterns: a case study in the Nu River basin
Accurate high-resolution estimates of precipitation are vital to improving the understanding of basin-scale hydrology in mountainous areas. The traditional interpolation methods or satellite-based remote sensing products are known to have limitations in capturing the spatial variability of precipitation in mountainous areas. In this study, we develop a fusion framework to improve the annual precipitation estimation in mountainous areas by jointly utilizing the satellite-based precipitation, gauge measured precipitation, and vegetation index. The development consists of vegetation data merging, vegetation response establishment, and precipitation remapping. The framework is then applied to the mountainous areas of the Nu River basin for precipitation estimation. The results demonstrate the reliability of the framework in reproducing the high-resolution precipitation regime and capturing its high spatial variability in the Nu River basin. In addition, the framework can significantly reduce the errors in precipitation estimates as compared with the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method and the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) precipitation produc
Gas content and evolution of a sample of YSO associations at 3.5 kpc from the Sun
Young Stellar Objects (YSO) are newly formed stars from molecular clouds.
They stay close to where they were born and serve as good tracers to study gas
and star formation. During cloud evolution, young massive stars can disrupt the
surrounding gas through stellar feedback, changing the gas distribution. We
study the distribution of the gas around a sample of YSO associations located
at from the Sun by comparing the location and
morphology between CO (J = 10) emission, Planck 870 m maps and
YSO associations. Based on the spatial distribution of the gas compared to that
of the YSOs, we classify the YSO associations into six types: direct, close,
bubble, complex, diffuse, and clean associations. The complex associations are
large structures consisting of both gas-rich and gas-poor segments. We study
the velocity dispersion-size relation toward different association types. From
the ratio between different types, we estimate a feedback time of 1.7
Myr in the solar neighborhood. The sample sets a solid foundation to explore
the relationship between interstellar medium evolution, star formation, and
Galaxy structure.Comment: accepted by MNRA
Weather Forecast of the Milky Way: Shear and Stellar feedback determine the lives of Galactic-scale filaments
The interstellar medium (ISM) is an inseparable part of the Milky Way
ecosystem whose evolutionary history remains a challenging question. We trace
the evolution of the molecular ISM using a sample of Young Stellar Objects
(YSO) association --molecular cloud complex (YSO-MC complex). We derive their
three-dimensional (3D) velocities by combining the Gaia astrometric
measurements of the YSO associations and the CO observations of the associated
molecular clouds. Based on the 3D velocities, we simulate the motions of the
YSO-MC complexes in the Galactic potential and forecast the ISM evolution by
tracing the motions of the individual complexes, and reveal the roles of shear
and stellar feedback in determining ISM evolution: Galactic shear stretches
Galactic-scale molecular cloud complexes, such as the G120 Complex, into
Galactic-scale filaments, and it also contributes to the destruction of the
filaments; while stellar feedback creates interconnected superbubbles whose
expansion injects peculiar velocities into the ISM. The Galactic-scale
molecular gas clumps are often precursors of the filaments and the
Galactic-scale filaments are transient structures under a constant stretch by
shear. This evolutionary sequence sets a foundation to interpret other gas
structures. Animations are available at
https://gxli.github.io/ISM-6D/movie.html.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS letter
Factors Influencing the Perception of Seller Credibility in Online Reputation System: an Eye-Movement Approach
The current online reputation systems for online sellers face great challenges from bad-faith behavior such as malicious negative reviews, click farming, mismatch between images and commodities, and forged commodities. To optimize the design of online reputation systems, explore the consumer utilization of credit clues, and describe the law of mutual trust, this paper puts forth three hypotheses about the influencing factors of consumer perception of online seller credibility and integrates various research methods such as an eye-movement experiment, questionnaire survey, econometric analysis, and empirical research. To evaluate the three hypotheses, the display modes of commodities on a current e-commerce platform were optimized, and eye-movement experiments were conducted on original and optimized webpages. Results show that the display of sales growth, the refinement and tagging of review content significantly impacted consumer perception of seller credibility. Further, designers of online reputation systems were advised to display sales trends, provide personalized sales queries, and tag a variety of reviews for consumers to easily ascertain credible sellers. This advice helped curb bad-faith behavior
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