9,519 research outputs found
Dimensionless ratios: characteristics of quantum liquids and their phase transitions
Dimensionless ratios of physical properties can characterize low-temperature
phases in a wide variety of materials. As such, the Wilson ratio (WR), the
Kadowaki-Woods ratio and the Wiedemann\--Franz law capture essential features
of Fermi liquids in metals, heavy fermions, etc. Here we prove that the phases
of many-body interacting multi-component quantum liquids in one dimension (1D)
can be described by WRs based on the compressibility, susceptibility and
specific heat associated with each component. These WRs arise due to additivity
rules within subsystems reminiscent of the rules for multi-resistor networks in
series and parallel --- a novel and useful characteristic of multi-component
Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids (TLL) independent of microscopic details of the
systems. Using experimentally realised multi-species cold atomic gases as
examples, we prove that the Wilson ratios uniquely identify phases of TLL,
while providing universal scaling relations at the boundaries between phases.
Their values within a phase are solely determined by the stiffnesses and sound
velocities of subsystems and identify the internal degrees of freedom of said
phase such as its spin-degeneracy. This finding can be directly applied to a
wide range of 1D many-body systems and reveals deep physical insights into
recent experimental measurements of the universal thermodynamics in ultracold
atoms and spins.Comment: 12 pages (main paper), (6 figures
On the dynamics of the South China Sea Warm Current
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (2008): C08003, doi:10.1029/2007JC004427.The South China Sea Warm Current (SCSWC) flows northeastward over the shelf and continental slope in the northern South China Sea (SCS). This current persists in its northeastward direction in all seasons despite the fact that the annually averaged wind stress is decisively southwestward against it. Two major mechanisms have been proposed in previous studies, one attributing it directly to the wind stress forcing within the SCS and the other to the Kuroshio intrusion through the Luzon Strait. In this study we use a simple model to demonstrate that neither of them is the leading forcing mechanism. Instead, the SCSWC is a source- and sink-driven flow induced by the Taiwan Strait Current (TSC), a year-round northward flow through the Taiwan Strait. The two previously suggested mechanisms are important but secondary. The model simulations show that the local wind stress alone would force a current in the opposite direction to the SCSWC. Blocking the Kuroshio intrusion through the Luzon Strait, on the other hand, only weakens the SCSWC. The SCSWC vanishes when the Taiwan Strait is closed in the model.This study has been supported by the U.S.
National Science Foundation (OCE-0351055), China’s International Science
and Technology Cooperation Program (2006DFB21250), and China’s
National Basic Research Priorities Program (2005CB422302)
Bis(2,2′-bipyridine)(5,5′-iminoÂditetraÂzolato)cadmium(II) 2,2′-bipyridine hemisolvate monohydrate
The title complex, [Cd(C2HN9)(C10H8N2)2]·0.5C10H8N2·H2O, was prepared under hydroÂthermal reaction conditions. The asymmetric unit contains the cadmium complex, half a 2,2′-bipyridine solvent molÂecule and a solvent water molÂecule. The CdII ion is coordinated by four N atoms from two 2,2′-bipyridine ligands and two N atoms from an HBTA− anion ligand [where H2BTA is N,N-bisÂ(1H-tetraÂzol-5-yl)amine], forming an octaÂhedral geometry. The complex is linked into a three-dimensional network by O—H⋯N and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds and by the stacking interÂactions of rings, with distances of 3.5–3.7 Å between the atoms of two parallel 2,2′-bipyridine rings
Training A Multi-stage Deep Classifier with Feedback Signals
Multi-Stage Classifier (MSC) - several classifiers working sequentially in an
arranged order and classification decision is partially made at each step - is
widely used in industrial applications for various resource limitation reasons.
The classifiers of a multi-stage process are usually Neural Network (NN) models
trained independently or in their inference order without considering the
signals from the latter stages. Aimed at two-stage binary classification
process, the most common type of MSC, we propose a novel training framework,
named Feedback Training. The classifiers are trained in an order reverse to
their actual working order, and the classifier at the later stage is used to
guide the training of initial-stage classifier via a sample weighting method.
We experimentally show the efficacy of our proposed approach, and its great
superiority under the scenario of few-shot training
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