Research Article Detect Adjacent Well by Analyzing Geomagnetic Anomalies

Abstract: This study describes a method of determining the position of adjacent well by analyzing geomagnetic anomalies in the drilling. In the experiment, put a casing in the geomagnetic field respectively to simulate 3 conditions, which are vertical well, deviated well and horizontal well. Study the interference of regional geomagnetic caused by casing, summary the law of the regional geomagnetic field anomalies caused by the adjacent casing. Experimental results show that: magnetic intensity distortion caused by deviated well is similar to that caused by horizontal well, but the distortion is different from vertical well. The scope and amplitude of N and E component magnetic intensity distortion will increase with the increase of casing inclination, meanwhile the scope and amplitude of V component distortion will decrease and the distortion value changes from negative to positive to the southwest of adjacent well. Through the analysis of geomagnetic anomalies, the position of the adjacent wells could be determined

Design and Application of a Rock Breaking Experimental Device With Rotary Percussion

The rotary impact drilling technology is one of the effective speed-up methods in drilling deep well. The dynamics model of the impact process and rock breaking shows that the peak value of the impact load is affected by the spring compression, and the impact time increases with the piston’s mass increasing. The stress wave in rock is proportionate to the impact load. A new rock broken experiment device with rotary impact was designed, and the device can measure and adjust the WOB, rotary rate, impact load and frequency, also has the ability of rock breaking for conventional and rotary percussion drilling. The rock breaking experiments show that the rotary percussion drilling technology can improve the rate of penetration of PDC bit significantly; increasing the value of impact load can improve the ROP significantly. When different rotary percussion drilling tools used in different formations, optimizing the WOB and rotary rate for fast drilling is very necessary. The influence of the rotary impact drilling on the rock broken can be studied by the experiment device, which is helpful for the design and optimization of the percussion tools

Dynamic Characteristics of Downhole Bit Load and Analysis of Conversion Efficiency of Drill String Vibration Energy

The longitudinal vibration of the drill pipe contains considerable energy which can be used to improve the rock-breaking efficiency during drilling. It is very important to the development of drilling speed-up tools to have a comprehensive understanding of the energy conversion efficiency of downhole drill string vibration. In this paper, the characteristics of downhole bit load and longitudinal vibration of drill string under different conditions were studied in the experiment, and the analysis method of energy conversion efficiency from drill string vibration to spring potential energy was proposed. The experimental analysis showed that the fluctuation of the downhole bit load was reduced by 10%–90% after the spring was installed in the bottom hole assembly. The rotation rate and the spring elastic stiffness had a significant and positive influence on the fluctuation amplitude of the downhole bit load. Meanwhile, the longitudinal vibration amplitude and acceleration of the drill string peaked at the elastic stiffness of 1 kN/mm. The closer the spring position to the drill bit was, the more severe the longitudinal vibration of the drill string above the spring component was. The bit load and the rotation rate had a positive influence on the severity of longitudinal vibration. The analysis of energy conversion efficiency showed that the available mechanical energy range of the longitudinal vibration of the drill pipe was about 200–420 kW. The work power of the drill string vibration to the spring component increased sharply and then decreased with the increasing of elastic stiffness. The energy conversion efficiency came to the optimal value when the elastic stiffness was between 1 kN/mm and 2 kN/mm. Increasing the rotation rate, keeping the bit load below 134.5 kN and installing the spring component near the drill bit are beneficial for improving the energy conversion efficiency of drill string vibration. This paper reveals the main factors affecting the energy conversion efficiency of drill string vibration and their influencing laws, and determines the range of WOB, rotation speed, spring position and stiffness to obtain the best energy conversion efficiency

Quantitative Risk Assessment on Safety and Reliability of Casing Strength for Oil and Gas Wells

AbstractA quantitative risk assessment method of casing collapse resistance and internal pressure resistance is established in accordance with the theory of structural reliability and random theory, in terms of geometrical parameters, mechanical property and external load randomness of casing and on the basis of the analysis on shortcomings of safety coefficient and assessment methods for conventional casing design. Using Monte-Carlo random sampling method, a probability of casing failure with different pressure and a relationship between safety coefficient and probability of casing failure have been obtained by simulating a random distribution regularity of casing strength. Studies show that quantitative risk assessment methods could be adopted to perform quantitative assessment on casing safety and reliability. Casings of different types and under the effect of different external loads have similar safety coefficient and different probabilities of failure. Failure probability assessment index calculated with random theory may provide bases for the selection of conventional safety coefficient and casing design and assessment with uncertain external loads

Numerical Simulation Study on Propagation of Initial Microcracks in Cement Sheath Body during Hydraulic Fracturing Process

Microcracks caused by perforating operations in a cement sheath body and interface have the potential to further expand or even cause crossflow during hydraulic fracturing. Currently, there are few quantitative studies on the propagation of initial cement-body microcracks. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model for the propagation of initial microcracks of the cement sheath body along the axial and circumferential directions during hydraulic fracturing was proposed based on the combination of coupling method of fluid–solid in porous media and the Cohesive Zone Method. The influence of reservoir geological conditions, the mechanical properties of a casing-cement sheath-formation system, and fracturing constructions in the propagation of initial axial microcracks of a cement sheath body was quantitatively analyzed. It can be concluded that the axial extension length of microcracks increased with the increase of elastic modulus of the cement sheath and formation, the flow rate of fracturing fluid, and casing internal pressure, and decreased with the increase of the cement sheath tensile strength and ground stress. The elastic modulus of the cement sheath had a greater influence on the expansion of axial cracks than the formation elastic modulus and casing internal pressure. The effect of fracturing fluid viscosity on the crack expansion was negligible. In order to effectively slow the expansion of the cement sheath body crack, the elastic modulus of the cement sheath can be appropriately reduced to enhance its toughness under the premise of ensuring sufficient strength of the cement sheath

The Review and Development of Devices with an Increasing Rate of Penetration (ROP) in Deep Formation Drilling Based on Drill String Vibration

The oil and gas resources stored in deep strata are an important replacement field of the petroleum industry. Accelerating the exploration and development of deep oil and gas is of great significance to the security of energy strategy. Drilling is the primary link and necessary means of deep oil and gas exploration and development. Slow drilling speed is one of the key problems restricting the exploration and development of deep oil and gas. The research and development of down-hole equipment with an increasing ROP provides a technical means for increasing the ROP. However, the energy of existing down-hole equipment with an increasing ROP comes from the drilling circulation medium, and the ROP increase effect of such equipment is relatively obvious in shallow and middle formations. However, with the increase in well depth, energy in the circulation medium increasingly struggles to reach deeper formations, and the ROP increase effect is not good at the later stage of drilling. In the drilling process, drill string vibration is a frequently encountered complex situation, but it also contains sufficient energy, and the energy of drill string vibration will increase with an increase in the well depth, which can meet the energy demand of increasing the ROP in deep oil and gas exploration. This paper analyzes the characteristics of drill string vibration, and introduces six kinds of devices that take drill string vibration as energy and realize drill string vibration reduction, bottom-hole pressurization, and high-pressure pulse jet, providing a new idea for the development of deep down-hole speed-increasing devices

The Review and Development of Devices with an Increasing Rate of Penetration (ROP) in Deep Formation Drilling Based on Drill String Vibration

The oil and gas resources stored in deep strata are an important replacement field of the petroleum industry. Accelerating the exploration and development of deep oil and gas is of great significance to the security of energy strategy. Drilling is the primary link and necessary means of deep oil and gas exploration and development. Slow drilling speed is one of the key problems restricting the exploration and development of deep oil and gas. The research and development of down-hole equipment with an increasing ROP provides a technical means for increasing the ROP. However, the energy of existing down-hole equipment with an increasing ROP comes from the drilling circulation medium, and the ROP increase effect of such equipment is relatively obvious in shallow and middle formations. However, with the increase in well depth, energy in the circulation medium increasingly struggles to reach deeper formations, and the ROP increase effect is not good at the later stage of drilling. In the drilling process, drill string vibration is a frequently encountered complex situation, but it also contains sufficient energy, and the energy of drill string vibration will increase with an increase in the well depth, which can meet the energy demand of increasing the ROP in deep oil and gas exploration. This paper analyzes the characteristics of drill string vibration, and introduces six kinds of devices that take drill string vibration as energy and realize drill string vibration reduction, bottom-hole pressurization, and high-pressure pulse jet, providing a new idea for the development of deep down-hole speed-increasing devices