Exploring High School IT Course Teaching Resources in the Context of Educational Digital Transformation

The Chinese Ministry of Education initiated the implementation of the “National Education Digitalization Strategy Action” in 2022. The digital transformation of education has become a significant strategy in China’s educational reform and development in the new era, which is of great significance for the construction of high school information technology course teaching resources. This paper first introduces the concept and current situation of digital transformation and discusses the classification and existing issues of current high school information technology teaching resources. Next, it analyzes the future development direction and focus of high school information technology course teaching resources, including the development and utilization of digital educational resources, the construction and application of virtual laboratories, the development of personalized educational resources, the optimization and popularization of online education platforms, and the promotion of educational resource sharing and open education. Finally, this paper proposes development strategies and measures for high school information technology teaching resource construction, including strengthening the construction of educational informatization infrastructure, actively exploring the development and application of personalized educational resources, promoting educational resource sharing, and strengthening educational teaching management

Overexpression of LcSABP, an Orthologous Gene for Salicylic Acid Binding Protein 2, Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco

Salicylic acid (SA) plays an essential role in the growth and development of plants, and in their response to abiotic stress. Previous studies have mostly focused on the effects of exogenously applied SA on the physiological response of plants to abiotic stresses; however, the underlying genetic mechanisms for the regulatory functions of endogenous SA in the defense response of plants remain unclear. In plants, SA binding protein 2 (SABP2), possessing methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity, catalyzes the conversion of MeSA to SA. Herein, a SABP2-like gene, LcSABP, was cloned from Lycium chinense, which contained a complete open reading frame of 795 bp and encoded a protein of 264 amino acids that shared high sequence similarities with SABP2 orthologs from other plants. Overexpression of LcSABP enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants. The results indicated that increased levels of LcSABP transcripts and endogenous SA content were involved in the enhanced drought tolerance. Physiological and biochemical studies further demonstrated that higher chlorophyll content, increased photosynthetic capacity, lower malondialdehyde content, and higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase enhanced the drought tolerance of transgenic plants. Moreover, overexpression of LcSABP also increased the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and stress-responsive genes under drought stress. Overall, our results demonstrate that LcSABP plays a positive regulatory role in drought stress response by enhancing the endogenous SA content, promoting the scavenging of ROS, and regulating of the expression of stress-related transcription factor genes. Our findings indicate that LcSABP functions as a major regulator of the plant’s response to drought stress through a SA-dependent defense pathway

CFD investigation of gas-solids flow in a new fluidized catalyst cooler

In our previous work, a new concept of annular catalyst cooler (ACC) was proposed and validated experimentally, which showed that an internal circulation of solids could be formed by using two gas distributors and both hydrodynamics and heat transfer could be largely improved. The current work simulated detailed hydrodynamics of gas-solids flow to advance our understanding of the ACC by using the two-fluid model. The influences of effective particle diameter dp⁎ and specularity coefficient φ were examined and compared with experimental data. Optimum values of dp⁎ = 170 μm and φ = 0.3 were determined and used in the simulations. Detailed hydrodynamics of gas-solids flow were then obtained, and the influential parameters were examined. The results showed that the proper selection of the ratio of gas velocities and the position of the heat transfer tube were needed to form a stable internal solids circulation in the ACC. The ACC had a combined hydrodynamic feature of up-flow and down-flow catalyst coolers with bigger solids volume fraction and smaller particle resident time, which are beneficial for improving the heat transfer between solids and wall

Patogeneza i virulencija infekcije bakterijom Mycoplasma gallisepticum – pregledni rad

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) belongs to the class Mollicutes, the smallest and simplest microorganisms which lack a cell wall and are capable of self-replication outside a host. Mg is the primary etiological agent of chronic respiratory diseases in poultry, and causes major economic losses. Recently, owing to advances in scientific knowledge, large data sets have become available for Mg, providing sequencing data, new typing strategies, diagnostic methods, and means for comprehensive studies. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the virulence, variable surface lipoproteins, invasion of host cells, adhesion, antigenic variation, biofilm formation, and modulation of the host immune system. Moreover, the broader picture includes the emergence of Mg successfully combating host immunity and adapting to the new host or niches, having evolved a number of strategies and mechanisms, contributing to the pathogenesis and dissemination of Mg infection.Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) pripada razredu Mollicutes, najmanjem i najjednostavnijem mikroorganizmu koji nema staničnu stijenku i sposoban je za samoreplikaciju izvan domaćina. M. gallisepticum primarni je etiološki uzročnik kroničnih respiratornih bolesti u peradi, koji uzrokuje goleme gospodarske gubitke. Zahvaljujući napretku u znanstvenim spoznajama, u posljednje su vrijeme postali dostupni veliki skupovi podataka o ovoj bakteriji, iz kojih se može doznati o sekvenciranju, novim strategijama tipizacije, dijagnostičkim postupcima i sredstvima koji mogu poslužiti u sveobuhvatnom istraživanju. Cilj je ovog preglednog rada bio rezimirati aktualne spoznaje o virulentnosti, varijabilnim površinskim lipoproteinima, invaziji stanica domaćina, adheziji, antigenskim varijacijama, formiranju biofilma i modulaciji imunosnog sustava domaćina. Obuhvaćena je i šira slika koja uključuje slučajeve da se M. gallisepticum uspješno bori protiv imunosti domaćina i prilagođuje novim domaćinima ili nišama čime je razvijen niz strategija i mehanizama koji pridonose patogenezi i širenju infekcije ovom bakterijom

Altered microRNA signatures in sputum of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Role of microRNA (miRNA) has been highlighted in pathogen-host interactions recently. At present, their role in active pulmonary tuberculosis is unknown. The aim of the study was to delineate miRNA expression in sputum supernatant of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Expression of miRNAs was evaluated by microarray analysis and differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR. Secreted cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. We found that 95 miRNAs were differentially expressed between tuberculosis group and controls. More miRNAs (52 out of 95 miRNAs) were underexpressed than overexpressed during tuberculosis infection. Overexpression of miR-3179, miR-147 and underexpression of miR-19b-2* in TB group compared with controls were confirmed in the validation cohort. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not significantly altered between TB group and controls. For the first time, differential expression of miRNAs in sputum was found in active pulmonary tuberculosis. The study provides rationale for identifying the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis and indicates potential for miRNA-based therapeutic strategies

Innovative Dual-Stage Blind Noise Reduction in Real-World Images Using Multi-Scale Convolutions and Dual Attention Mechanisms

The distribution of real noise in images can disrupt the inherent symmetry present in many natural visuals, thus making its effective removal a paramount challenge. However, traditional denoising methods often require tedious manual parameter tuning, and a significant portion of deep learning-driven techniques have proven inadequate for real noise. Moreover, the efficiency of end-to-end algorithms in restoring symmetrical patterns in noisy images remains questionable. To harness the principles of symmetry for improved denoising, we introduce a dual deep learning model with a focus on preserving and leveraging symmetrical patterns in real images. Our methodology operates in two stages. In the first, we estimate the noise level using a four-layer neural network, thereby aiming to capture the underlying symmetrical structures of the original image. To enhance the extraction of symmetrical features and overall network performance, a dual attention mechanism is employed before the final convolutional layer. This innovative module adaptively assigns weights to features across different channels, thus emphasizing symmetry-preserving elements. The subsequent phase is devoted to non-blind denoising. It integrates the estimated noise level and the original image, thus targeting the challenge of denoising while preserving symmetrical patterns. Here, a multi-scale architecture is used, thereby amalgamating image features into two branches. The first branch taps into dilation convolution, thus amplifying the receptive field without introducing new parameters and making it particularly adept at capturing broad symmetrical structures. In contrast, the second branch employs a standard convolutional layer to focus on finer symmetrical details. By harnessing varied receptive fields, our method can recognize and restore image symmetries across different scales. Crucial skip connections are embedded within this multi-scale setup, thus ensuring that symmetrical image data is retained as the network deepens. Experimental evaluations, conducted on four benchmark training sets and 12 test datasets, juxtaposed with over 20 contemporary models based on the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) metrics, underscore our model’s prowess in not only denoising but also in preserving and accentuating symmetrical elements, thereby setting a new gold standard in the field

Exploring a radically new exponential Retinex model for multi-task environments

The Retinex Theory (RT) and its adaptations have gained significant popularity in the field of image processing. Nevertheless, traditional Retinex algorithms are generally customized to specific tasks. Besides, their use of logarithmic transformation (LT) to convert the multiplicative model to an additive one often results in the loss of texture information in the reflectance layer. In contrast to conventional methods, our approach involves direct decomposition of the observed image. This approach circumvents the necessity of intermediate transformations, thereby preserving essential texture features. In this study, we introduce a weight-aware ℓ1-ℓ2 technique based on the assumption that the reflectance layer is discontinuous and the illumination layer is spatially smooth. To preserve texture and structural information in the illumination layer, we introduce a weight-aware illumination component coefficient, ℓ1-norm, and estimate the reflectance component using ℓ2-norm. By utilizing weight-aware coefficients, the proposed technique is highly effective in addressing the issue of texture loss in the reflectance layer. Additionally, we employ ℓ2-norm to extract accurate information from the reflectance layer and implement a bright channel prior to prevent ambiguity during the decomposition process. We utilize an alternating minimization approach to obtain the optimal objective function solution and modify the illumination layer using gamma and non-linear stretching algorithms. Our proposed technique not only tackles the problem of texture duplication but also improves the quality of low-light images, and can be seamlessly integrated with various image and vision-based tasks. Our evaluation of eight benchmark datasets using 15 quality metrics, along with a variety of 22 conventional and modern algorithms, shows that the proposed algorithm is capable of delivering competitive qualitative and quantitative results without compromising its flexibility and scalability. Besides, the proposed model is evaluated on retinal images, and the results demonstrate a substantial improvement in the accuracy of learning-based models

Role of Site-Specific Glycosylation in the I-Like Domain of Integrin β1 in Small Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Malignant Behavior and FAK Activation

Integrin β1 plays an essential role in the crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Aberrant N-glycosylation of integrin β1 was documented to alter integrin β1 expression, dimerization, and biological function. However, the biological function of site-specific N-glycosylation of integrin β1 on extracellular vesicles is not fully understood. In this study, we mutated putative N-glycosylation sites in different domains of integrin β1. Removal of the N-glycosylation sites on the I-like domain of integrin β1 (termed the Δ4–6 β1 mutant) suppressed focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, cell migration, and adhesion compared with other β1 mutants. Cell adhesion, migration, and activation of FAK were suppressed in recipient MCF7 cells co-cultured with Δ4–6 mutant cells and treated with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from Δ4–6 mutant cells. Notably, the wild-type and β1 mutant were both present in sEVs, and could be transferred to recipient cells via sEVs, resulting in changes of cell behavior. Our findings demonstrate the important roles of N-glycosylation of the I-like domain of integrin β1. Moreover, the vesicular Δ4–6 β1 mutant can regulate integrin-mediated functions in recipient cells via sEVs

hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 promotes the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells by targeting the LAMB3‐mediated PI3K/ATK pathway

Abstract Objective Cervical cancer, one of the common types of malignant tumors progressed in women, is on the rise in developing countries. Numerous previous studies have demonstrated that hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 miRNA is abnormally expressed in cervical cancer cells. However, its fundamental mechanism in cervical cancer needs to be further clarified. Our study set out to investigate the effect of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 on the phenotypes of cervical cancer cells as well as any potential molecular processes involved in the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas‐cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma(TCGA‐CESC) was adopted in order to verify the expression of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 in cervical cancer tissues and to identify its potential targets. The interaction between Laminin subunit beta‐3(LAMB3) and hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 was verified by TargetScan database as well as Luciferase reporter assay. The Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) and transwell methods were utilized to assess the influence of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 on the proliferation and invasion characteristics of cervical cancer cells. We studied the role that hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 plays in cervical cancer progression through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analysis as well as Western Blot (WB) experiment. Results Down‐regulation of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 was detected in cervical cancer tissues. It directly targeted LAMB3 and negatively regulated LAMB3 expression. The overexpression of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 has a significant inhibiting effect on cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion. The overexpression of hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 significantly inhibits the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Moreover, the LAMB3 was able to up‐regulate the phosphorylation levels of AKT and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) protein in cervical cancer cells. hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 could also modulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting LAMB3. Conclusion hsa‐mir‐133a‐2 inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion by indirectly regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, providing us with a new clinical treatment strategy for cervical cancer