Expression and significance of HIF-1 α and VEGF in rats with diabetic retinopathy

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) rats and its effect on the DR occurrence and development.MethodsA total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into trial group and control group with 60 in each. STZ i.p. was used in the trial group to establish the DM model, citrate buffer salt of same amount was used i.p. to the control group. 1, 3 and 6 months after injection, respective 20 rats were sacrificed in each group to observe expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the rat retina tissue at different time points.ResultsExpression of HIF-1α and VEGF were negative in the control group; expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in retinal tissue were weak after 1 month of DR mold formation. It showed progressive enhancement along with the progression in different organizations, differences between groups were significant (P<0.05).ConclusionsExpressions of HIF-1α and VEGF were correlated with disease progression in early diabetic retinopathy. Retinal oxygen can induce over-expression of HIF-1α and VEGF. It shows that HIF-1α and VEGF play an important role in the pathogenesis of DR

经尿道输尿管镜下微创治疗儿童输尿管术后再次狭窄 12例回顾分析

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of the minimally-invasive treatment of ureteral postoperative stenosis with self-made electrotome, ureteroscope hard expansion and ureteral stents indwelled. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 12 cases with ureteral postoperative strictures (10 in the upper, 1 in the middle, 1 in the lower ureters, 10 cases of male, female 2 cases, average 2.1 years) from June 2012 to April 2014 was made, the length from 0.2cm to 1.5 cm, with an average of 0.5 cm. Renal function were moderately impaired in 6 cases, severely impaired in 6 cases, underwent the therapy of ureteral stenosis with self-made micro-probe electrotome and ureteroscope hard expansion, postoperatively, one 4.7 or 6F ureteral stents were remained indwelling for 6～8 weeks. Results: 12 cases completed the operation smoothly, the operative duration was 35～65 minutes (average 46 minutes). No severe complications were accompanied. Postoperative hospital stays for 7～9 days, an average of 8.3 days. with a median follow-up 8 months (ranging form 1～20 months), success was achieved in 10 of the 12 children, 2 cases were unsuccessful so as to undergo pyeloureteroplasty on open surgery once again because of the long ureteral narrow（the length over 1.2cm）and recovered eventually. Conclusion: Minimally-invasive ureteroscopy combined with self-made electrotome ureteroscope hard expansion and ureteral stents indwelled is one of the effective methods for treatment of ureteral postoperative stenosis which worth further promotion clinical application, the operation effect is exact, little pain and quick recovery, it can be used to short period (&lt;1.0cm) of ureteral stricture instead of long period (&gt;1.2cm ) that requires to open surgery.目的  探讨输尿管镜下自制电刀电切、输尿管镜硬性扩张联合输尿管内支架置入治疗儿童输尿管术后再次狭窄的临床疗效。方法  回顾性分析2012年6月—2014年4月收治12例输尿管狭窄术后再次狭窄患者的临床资料，其中男10例，女2例；年龄6个月～9岁，平均2.1岁；肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄10例，输尿管中段狭窄1例，膀胱输尿管连接部狭窄1例；狭窄段长度0.2～1.5cm，平均0.5cm；患侧肾功能中度受损者6例，重度受损者6例。所有病例均经尿道输尿管镜下完成，双J管留置6～8周。结果  12例手术均顺利完成，手术时间35 65min，平均46min；术后住院时间7～9天，平均8.3天。12例患者均获随访，随访时间1～20个月，平均8个月。10例随访复查泌尿系彩超及MRU示肾积水明显减轻，IVU示输尿管显影通畅无明显狭窄；2例因长段狭窄段较长，拔除双J管后肾积水再次加重，再次行开放肾盂输尿管成形术，术后恢复好。结论  输尿管镜直视下电切狭窄区域、输尿管镜硬性扩张联合置入双J管治疗输尿管再次狭窄短段型（长度＜1.0cm）手术效果确切、痛苦小、术后恢复快，该方法对于长段型（长度＞1.2cm）效果不确切，建议开放手术

Pollen Viability, Pistil Receptivity, and Embryo Development in Hybridization of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn

Seed set is usually low and differs for different crosses of flower lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). The reasons remain unknown, and this has a negative impact on lotus breeding. To determine the causes, we carried out two crosses of flower lotus, that is, “Jinsenianhua” × “Qinhuaihuadeng” and “Qinhuaihuadeng” × “Jinsenianhua” and pollen viability, pistil receptivity, and embryo development were investigated. The pollen grains collected at 05:00-06:00 hrs had the highest viability, and the viabilities of “Jinsenianhua” and “Qinhuaihuadeng” were 20.6 and 15.7%, respectively. At 4 h after artificial pollination, the number of pollen grains germinating on each stigma reached a peak: 63.0 and 17.2 per stigma in “Jinsenianhua” × “Qinhuaihuadeng” and “Qinhuaihuadeng” × “Jinsenianhua”, respectively. At 1 d after artificial pollination, the percentages of normal embryos in the two crosses were 55.0 and 21.9%, respectively; however, at 11 d after pollination, the corresponding percentages were 20.8 and 11.2%. Seed sets of the two crosses were 17.9 and 8.0%, respectively. The results suggested that low pistil receptivity and embryo abortion caused low seed set in “Qinhuaihuadeng” × “Jinsenianhua”, whereas low fecundity of “Jinsenianhua” × “Qinhuaihuadeng” was mainly attributable to embryo abortion

In-silico investigations into natural products as nonnucleoside DNA methyltransferase 1 inhibitors for treating epi-mutation in gastric cancer

Purpose: To explore in silico methods to search for the best reported non-nucleoside DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor of epimutation in gastric cancer.Methods: A dataset of reported non-nucleoside DNMT1 inhibitors was used to target the active site of crystallized DNMT1 protein. Molecular docking simulations were carried out using AutoDock 4.2.6 l. The results were analyzed using Discovery studio visualizer.Results: In silico analysis of known natural non-nucleoside DNMT1 inhibitors gave genistein as the top ranked compound with ΔG of -6.39 Kcal/mol. Further, the results indicated that epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin are poor non-nucleoside DNMT1 inhibitors, as the in silico data suggest that they failed to bind to the catalytic site of DNMT1.Conclusion: The results indicate that genistein is the top rated compound for DNMT1 inhibition. Previous in vitro and in vivo work by other researchers seem to validate the findings of the study.Keywords: Epi-mutation, DNA methyltransferase, Non-nucleoside, DNMT1 inhibitor, Dockin

Empirical Likelihood Estimation for Population Pharmacokinetic Study Based on Generalized Linear Model

To obtain efficient estimation of parameters is a major objective in population pharmacokinetic study. In this paper, we propose an empirical likelihood-based method to analyze the population pharmacokinetic data based on the generalized linear model. A nonparametric version of the Wilk's theorem for the limiting distributions of the empirical likelihood ratio is derived. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of empirical likelihood method. An application illustrating our methods and supporting the simulation study results is presented. The results suggest that the proposed method is feasible for population pharmacokinetic data

Bromidotricarbon­yl[2-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)-5-p-tolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-κN 3]rhenium(I) dichloro­methane monosolvate

In the title compound, [ReBr(C14H11N3O)(CO)3]·CH2Cl2, the coordination geometry of the ReI atom is a distorted ReC3N2Br octa­hedron with the carbonyl C atoms in a fac arrangement. Within the 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-5-p-tolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole ligand, the dihedral angles between the oxadiazole ring and the pyridine (py) and benzene (bz) rings are 1.7 (2) and 7.1 (2)°, respectively, and the dihedral angle between the py and bz rings is 5.5 (2)°. In the crystal, aromatic π–π stacking between the oxadiazole rings of adjacent mol­ecules [centroid–centroid separation = 3.465 (3) Å] is seen