Establishing an Efficient Way to Utilize the Drought Resistance Germplasm Population in Wheat

Drought resistance breeding provides a hopeful way to improve yield and quality of wheat in arid and semiarid regions. Constructing core collection is an efficient way to evaluate and utilize drought-resistant germplasm resources in wheat. In the present research, 1,683 wheat varieties were divided into five germplasm groups (high resistant, HR; resistant, R; moderate resistant, MR; susceptible, S; and high susceptible, HS). The least distance stepwise sampling (LDSS) method was adopted to select core accessions. Six commonly used genetic distances (Euclidean distance, Euclid; Standardized Euclidean distance, Seuclid; Mahalanobis distance, Mahal; Manhattan distance, Manhat; Cosine distance, Cosine; and Correlation distance, Correlation) were used to assess genetic distances among accessions. Unweighted pair-group average (UPGMA) method was used to perform hierarchical cluster analysis. Coincidence rate of range (CR) and variable rate of coefficient of variation (VR) were adopted to evaluate the representativeness of the core collection. A method for selecting the ideal constructing strategy was suggested in the present research. A wheat core collection for the drought resistance breeding programs was constructed by the strategy selected in the present research. The principal component analysis showed that the genetic diversity was well preserved in that core collection

The dynamics of partner and knowledge portfolios in alternative energy field

This study uses the patent applications of alternative energy organizations, including companies, universities and research institutions, to explain the dynamic evolutions of organizational resource portfolios. We study organizational resource portfolios from two dimensions: internal knowledge portfolio and external partner portfolio, and we capture the dynamic evolutions of two portfolios through the emergence of new partners and the growth of knowledge elements, and explain these from a diversity perspective. We propose inverted-U shaped relationships between diversities (collaborative and knowledge) and organizational portfolio dynamics (new partners and knowledge elements). Analyzing alternative energy patents from 3601 organizations during the time period 2000-2012, we find that organizations having too high or low collaborative diversity have less novel knowledge elements and new collaborative relationships than those having moderate collaborative diversity. We also suggest that knowledge diversity contributes to two types of portfolio dynamics. However, the positive effects of knowledge diversity on evolutions of partner and knowledge portfolios diminish, and even become negative and detrimental beyond certain levels of knowledge diversity. Our findings have theoretical implications for dynamic evolutions of organizational portfolios and diversity literature, and are also useful for firms' managers striving to develop valuable collaborative partners and pursuing novel innovations

Exploitative and exploratory innovations in knowledge network and collaboration network: A patent analysis in the technological field of nano-energy

Innovations of organizations are doubly embedded in knowledge networks constituted by coupling among knowledge elements and in social networks formed by collaborative relationships among organizations. This study explores the structural properties of such relationships and their possible influences on organizational innovations in terms of exploitation and exploration in the emerging nano-energy field. Results indicate that the knowledge networks and the technology-based collaboration networks in the nano-energy field are decoupled and that they have different degrees of integration. Some structural features of knowledge and collaboration networks influence organizations’ exploitative and exploratory innovations in diverse ways. Firstly, direct ties of an organization\u27s knowledge elements in a knowledge network have an inverted U-shaped effect on its exploitative innovation, which is not the case in exploratory innovation. Direct ties in a collaboration network have an inverted U-shaped effect on both its exploitative and exploratory innovations. Secondly, indirect ties of an organization\u27s knowledge elements in a knowledge network affect its exploitative innovation, but not its exploratory innovation. However, indirect ties in a collaboration network affect exploratory innovation, but not exploitative innovation. Thirdly, non-redundancy among ties in a knowledge network exhibits the opposite effect, hindering exploitative innovation, but favoring exploratory innovation. By contrast, non-redundancy among ties in a collaboration network favors exploitative innovation, but shows a non-significant effect on exploratory innovation

Entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial rate and innovation:the moderating role of internet attention

The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Unlike many previous studies, we accomplish this aim by testing the roles of entrepreneurial contexts in stimulating entrepreneurial performance, which is captured by entrepreneurial rate and entrepreneurial innovation. We further investigate their interacting with entrepreneurial attention (EA), measured by Internet search data. This is a national longitudinal study of all OECD countries between 2005 and 2014 based on multisource data. Based on the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) results, the main findings are: (1) R&D transfer and market dynamics are important but negative predictors of both entrepreneurial activities; (2) entrepreneurial finance and taxes or regulations policies have significant positive effects on entrepreneurial innovation only when the entrepreneurship attention is high; (3) also only under the high entrepreneurship attention condition, physical infrastructure and cultural and social norms for entrepreneurship have significant positive effects on total entrepreneurial rate. The findings of this study, besides having important implications for entrepreneurial management and policy, have implications on the research of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial innovation and attention

INTEGRATED INNOVATION BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION

A framework for technological and organizational capability audits is proposed, and the relevance of integrating technology and organization and product competitiveness of Chinese firms is then examined. Empirical data were acquired through a recent study of innovative firms from Beijing, China. An organization-technology map and statistical analyses are used to verify five hypotheses in order to identify the relationship amongst product competitiveness and integration of technology and organization. The results effectively verify the positive relationship among technological innovation, organizational innovation and product competitiveness. The findings also reveal that integrated innovation between technology and organization is critical for the improvement of product competitiveness of Chinese firms.Technology, organization, integrated innovation

The technological system of Chinese manufacturing industry: A sectorial approach

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the technological system of Chinese manufacturing. The input-output method and network analysis are applied to investigate the structure and performance at the system level and the role of each sector at the individual level in 1997 and 2002. Firstly, the R&D-flow matrices for per unit output are constructed to examine the technology intensity and constitution of each sector. And then they are combined with the economic size and R&D investment structure in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the system at the gross level, and reveal the main technology diffusion providers, acquirers and techno-economic flows between sectors. Results of both years show that the R&D performance and technology providing for diffusion are more concentrated than technology acquiring, and this difference becomes even greater in 2002. There are fewer sectors which act as main technology diffusion sources while more sectors participate as acquirers of technology diffusion. The techno-economic flows have high dependence on a few traditional sectors and the contribution of high-tech sectors such as ICT is quite limited.Inter-sector innovation diffusion China I-O analysis Network

Transient interference analysis and suppression in the secondary circuit of electric control system of kilometer drilling rig

The electric control system of kilometer drilling rig has complex operating conditions, variable loads, and integrates multiple primary circuits. This results in high randomness of transient interference spectrum distribution and easy occurrence of modal aliasing. In order to improve the precision of intelligent perception, the secondary circuit of the electric control system of kilometer drilling rig often uses a high bandwidth gain operational amplifier. The existing models applicable to the secondary port equipment are no longer suitable for the stability analysis of small signal detection circuits. The transient interference frequency domain distribution range of the electric control system of kilometer drilling rig is wide, requiring the circuit to have strong anti-interference capability in a wide frequency range. Traditional anti-interference measures have the disadvantages of narrow frequency bands and poor high-frequency suppression effects. Multi-level RC and LC filtering circuits have problems of impedance mismatch and large volume. In order to solve the above problems, the signal acquisition circuit of the secondary circuit of the electric control system of 15000-kilometer drilling rig is taken as the research object to analyze the transient interference in the secondary circuit. The empirical wavelet transform (EWT) algorithm based on nonparametric scale space is used to divide spectral segmentation points using scale space transformation. The modal components with tightly supported frames are extracted. The kurtosis index characteristics of modal components are introduced to divide transient interference signals and white noise signals. The frequency domain distribution of transient interference is determined. By constructing an equivalent model of the small signal circuit with parasitic parameters in the secondary circuit of the electronic control system, the law between the parasitic capacitance of the feedback circuit pin and the frequency threshold of the interference signal of triggering ringing or self-excited oscillation is explored. The influence of the frequency domain characteristics of the transient interference on the circuit stability is analyzed. The results indicate that when there is a pins parasitic capacitance of 30 pF in the input and output, conducting transient interference signals leads to a decrease in stability. The triggering frequency that causes instability decreases as the pin parasitic capacitance increases. Using the high resistance characteristics of ferrite bead similar to parallel resonance, a second-order filtering circuit is designed. The experimental verification results in laboratry show that when the interference passes through the second-order filtering circuit containing ferrite bead, the interference amplitude is suppressed below −35 dBV in the frequency band above 0.2 MHz sensitive to the signal sampling circuit. The signal sampling circuit has no abnormal output. The interference amplitude of sensitive frequency band in the operation data of the industrial prototype is suppressed below −35 dBV. The actual operation test results are basically consistent with the laboratory test results, meeting the anti-interference requirements