Contribution of cyclodextrins in the developement of different pharmaceutical formulations of a nex matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor

Ro 28-2653 is a new synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. The ability of these enzymes to degrade various components of the extracellular matrix seems to play a major role in tumors progression and is potentially effective against bronchial remodeling in asthma and BPCO. Ro 28-2653 is very poorly soluble in water. This low solubility estimated at about 0.56 lg/ml in water at 25 C gives rise to difficulties in pharmaceutical formulation of oral, injectable or nebulizable solutions. The purpose of our study is to prepare and to characterize inclusion complexes between Ro 28-2653 and cyclodextrins and to investigate the biopharmaceutical repercussion of the inclusion of the active substance.The complex formation was investigated by phase solubility studies. 1H-NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling studies were carried out to elucidate the structure of the inclusion complex between Ro 28-2653 and cyclodextrin. Oral, intravenous and nebulizable solutions of Ro 28-2653 were developed with cyclodextrin. The in vivo studies were performed on healthy sheep for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of the oral and intravenous formulations while the nebulization of the complex solution was studied by using an asthma model in mouse

Emerging Roles of ADAM and ADAMTS Metalloproteinases in Cancer

A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) are a recently discovered family of proteins that share the metalloproteinase domain with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Among this family, structural features distinguish the membrane-anchored ADAMs and the secreted ADAMs with thrombospondin motifs referred to as ADAMTSs. By acting on a large panel of membrane-associated and extracellular substrates, they control several cell functions such as adhesion, fusion, migration and proliferation. The current review addresses the contribution of these proteinases in the positive and negative regulation of cancer progression as mainly mediated by the regulation of growth factor activities and integrin functions

Etude de l'effet des modulations de l'expression des métalloprotéases et de leurs inhibiteurs dans la réaction bronchique aux aéroallergènes.

L’asthme est une pathologie inflammatoire caractérisée par une inflammation, une hyperréactivité et un remodelage bronchique. Des études menées sur des souris déficientes en MMP-8 et en MMP-19 nous ont permis de démontrer que ces deux protéases jouaient un rôle protecteur vis-à-vis du développement de l'inflammation dans la pathologie asthmatique. En effet, suite à la sensibilisation et à l'exposition par inhalation à l’allergène (Ovalbumine),les souris déficientes en MMP-8 en MMP-19 développent respectivement une inflammation neutrophilique et éosinophilique significativement plus importante comparativement aux souris wild-type. Dans une seconde partie de ce travail, nous avons évalué les effets de deux inhibiteurs synthétiques des MMPs administrés en inhalation sous une formulation adéquate dans notre modèle murin d’asthme. Suite à l’administration de ces deux inhibiteurs, nous avons observé une diminution de l’inflammation au sein du lavage bronchoalvéolaire. De plus, nous observons une diminution de l’infiltration du tissu pulmonaire par les cellules inflammatoires. L’hyperréactivité bronchique observée suite à l’inhalation de doses croissantes de méthacholine est également significativement diminuée. Ces résultats sont comparables à ceux obtenus après l’inhalation de Fluticasone, stéroïde inhalé utilisé très largement en clinique humaine et utilisé dans nos expériences comme médicament de référence. Afin d’observer les modifications morphologiques bronchiques, nous avons mis au point un modèle murin d’asthme permettant une exposition de longue durée (90 jours) aux allergènes. En plus de développer une inflammation pulmonaire, les souris traitées vont voir la structure de leurs bronches se modifier. L'inhalation de doxycycline diminue significativement l'inflammation, la réactivité bronchique et diverses caractéristiques du remodelage bronchique telles que l'hyperplasie des cellules à mucus, le dépôt de collagène péribronchique, l'épaisseur de la membrane basale sous-épithéliale et l'épaisseur de la couche de cellules musculaires lisses. Au cours de ces travaux, nous avons caractérisé des modèles murins d’asthme. Nous avons démontré que l’inhibition de certaines MMPs est délétère, nous incitant à les considérer comme des « anti targets ». Nous avons, dans une seconde partie, pu apporter la démonstration que l’inhibition de certaines MMPs précises (MMP-2, -9 et -14) par des inhibiteurs relativement spécifiques administrés en inhalation améliore le phénotype asthmatique. Par ces travaux, nous avons contribué à la compréhension globale des mécanismes impliquant les MMPs dans la pathologie asthmatique et nous suggérons que de nouvelles voies thérapeutiques, basées sur l’inhibition de certaines MMPs, pourraient faire l’objet de développements futurs

Comparison of acute inflammatory and chronic structural asthma-like responses between C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice

BACKGROUND: The interactions between airway responsiveness, structural remodelling and inflammation in allergic asthma remain poorly understood. Prolonged challenge with inhaled allergen is necessary to replicate many of the features of airway wall remodelling in mice. In both mice and humans, genetic differences can have a profound influence on allergy, inflammation, airway responsiveness and structural changes. METHODS: The aim of this study was to provide a comparative analysis of allergen-induced airway changes in sensitized BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice that were exposed to inhaled allergen for 2 ('acute'), 6 or 9 weeks ('chronic'). Inflammation, remodelling and responsiveness were analyzed. RESULTS: Both strains developed a Th-2-driven airway inflammation with allergen-specific IgE, airway eosinophilia and goblet cell hyperplasia upon 2 weeks of allergen inhalation. This was accompanied by a significant increase in airway smooth muscle mass and hyperresponsiveness in BALB/c but not in C57BL/6 mice. However, airway eosinophilia was more pronounced in the C57BL/6 strain. Chronic allergen exposure (6 or 9 weeks) resulted in an increase in airway smooth muscle mass as well as subepithelial collagen and fibronectin deposition in both strains. The emergence of these structural changes paralleled the disappearance of inflammation in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice and loss of hyperresponsiveness in the BALB/c strain. TGF-beta(1 )was accordingly elevated in both strains. CONCLUSION: Airway inflammation, remodelling and hyperresponsiveness are closely intertwined processes. Genetic background influences several aspects of the acute allergic phenotype. Chronic allergen exposure induces a marked airway remodelling that parallels a decreased inflammation, which was largely comparable between the two strains

A novel formulation of inhaled doxycycline reduces allergen-induced inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines modulation in a mouse model of asthma

Background In this study, we assess the effectiveness of inhaled doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic displaying matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitory effects to prevent allergen-induced inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. MMPs play key roles in the complex cascade of events leading to asthmatic phenotype. Methods Doxycycline was administered by aerosols by the mean of a novel formulation as a complex with hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HP-gamma-CD) used as an excipient. BALB/c mice (n = 16–24 in each group) were sensitized and exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin (OVA) from day 21 to 27 (short-term exposure protocol) or 5 days/odd weeks from day 22 to 96 (long-term exposure protocol). Results In the short-term exposure model, inhaled doxycycline decreased allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in peribronchial areas, as well as airway hyperresponsiveness. In lung tissue, exposure to doxycycline via inhaled route induced a fourfold increase in IL-10 levels, a twofold decrease in IL-5, IL-13 levels and diminished MMP-related proteolysis and the proportion of activated MMP-9 as compared to placebo. In the long-term exposure model, inhaled doxycycline significantly decreased the extent of glandular hyperplasia, airway wall thickening, smooth muscle hyperplasia and subepithelial collagen deposition which are well recognized features of airway remodeling. Conclusion Doxycycline administered by aerosols decreases the allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness and inhibits the development of bronchial remodeling in a mouse model of asthma by modulation of cytokines production and MMP activity

MMP-19 Deficiency Promotes Tenascin-C Accumulation and Allergen-induced Airway Inflammation.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) recently appeared as key regulators of inflammation, allowing recruitment and clearance of inflammatory cells and modifying the biological activity of many peptidic mediators by cleavage. MMP-19 is a newly described MMP and preferentially cleaves matrix proteins such as collagens and tenascin-C. The role of MMP-19 in asthma has not been described to date. The purpose of the present study was to assess MMP-19 expression in a murine asthma model and to address biological effects of MMP-19 deficiency in mice. Allergenexposed wild-type (WT) mice displayed an increased expression of MMP-19 mRNA and an increased number of MMP-19-positive cells in the lungs detected by immunohistochemistry. After allergen challenge of MMP-19 knockout (MMP-19-/-) mice, an exacerbated eosinophilic inflammation was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial tissue along with an increased airway responsiveness to methacholine. A shift towards increased Th2-driven inflammation in MMP-19-/- mice was demonstrated by 1) increased numbers of cells expressing the IL-33 receptor T1/ST2 in lung parenchyma, 2) increased IgG1 levels in serum and 3) higher levels of IL-13 and CCL11 in lung extracts. Tenascin-C was found accumulated in peribronchial areas of MMP-19-/- after allergen challenges as assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. We conclude that MMP-19 is a new mediator in asthma, preventing tenascin-C accumulation and directly or indirectly controlling Th2-driven airway eosinophilia and airway hyperreactivity. Our data suggest that MMP-19 might act on Th2 inflammation homeostasis through preventing tenascin protein accumulation

Evaluation of the pulmonary inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in healthy mice induced by inhaled cyclodextrins

peer reviewe