Sulfur analysis of Bolu-Mengen lignite before and after microbiological treatment using reductive pyrolysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Atmospheric pressure-temperature programmed reduction coupled with on-line mass spectrometry (AP-TPR/MS) is used for the first time on microbiologically treated coal samples as a technique to monitor the degree of desulfurization of the various sulfur functionalities. The experimental procedure enables the identification of both organic and inorganic sulfur species present in the coal matrix. A better insight in the degradation of the coal matrix and the accompanying processes during the AP-TPR experiment is obtained by a quantitative differentiation of the sulfur. The determination of the sulfur balance for the reductive pyrolysis gives an overview of the side reactions and their relative contribution in the total process. The volatile sulfur species are unambiguously identified using AP-TPR off-line coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In this way, fundamental mechanisms and reactions that occur during the reductive pyrolysis could be quantified, explaining the differences in AP-TPR recoveries. Therefore, this study gives a clearer view on the possibilities and limitations of AP-TPR as a technique to monitor sulfur functionalities in coal

Precursors of volatile organic compounds emitted during phosphorite processing

The composition of solvent-soluble organic matter of phosphorite, which is a precursor of volatile organic compounds emitted by the fertilizer industry, was studied. A benzene-methanol mixture and chloroform were used for the extraction of free and bound bitumen from phosphorites, respectively. The separated bitumen fractions were characterized qualitatively by GC-MS and quantitatively by GC-FID. n-Alkanes, n-alkenes, fatty acids and isoprenoids were identified in the extracts. The main components were n-alkanes and n-alkenes, constituting over 80% of the total bitumen determined. An unexpected presence of n-alkenes only in the free bitumen fraction was found. The possible source of ill-smelling substances evolved during treatment of phosphorite with H2SO4 was discussed

Emission of the odour substances from fertilizer industry

Mineral fertilizers are indispensable for the intensification of plant production in agriculture. This process can cause a significant odour nuisance for the environment due to organic compounds content in apatites and phosphorites converted into fertilizers. The following chemical compounds are emitted to the gas phase among others: hydrogen sulphide, organic sulphides and (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, butyl) disulphides, chain hydrocarbons, organic oils, waxes and carboxylic acids. A method using gas chromatography analysis with the mass detector (TD-GS-MS), to determine trace concentrations, was developed and tested for the assessment of odour nuisant substances emission from these processes. Application of additional thermal desorber to enable the intense desorption of the investigated organic compounds (previously adsorbed on classical sorbents) in the industrial research has been taken into consideration. In effect it facilitates the accumulating substances to be analyzed at short time interval providing identifying measurements. The technique has been verified during the investigation of the substances emitted in fertilizers processes at Maroko phosphorite decomposition. The organic sulfur compounds, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons have been detected

Emission of the odour substances from fertilizer industry

Mineral fertilizers are indispensable for the intensification of plant production in agriculture. This process can cause a significant odour nuisance for the environment due to organic compounds content in apatites and phosphorites converted into fertilizers. The following chemical compounds are emitted to the gas phase among others: hydrogen sulphide, organic sulphides and (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, butyl) disulphides, chain hydrocarbons, organic oils, waxes and carboxylic acids. A method using gas chromatography analysis with the mass detector (TD-GS-MS), to determine trace concentrations, was developed and tested for the assessment of odour nuisant substances emission from these processes. Application of additional thermal desorber to enable the intense desorption of the investigated organic compounds (previously adsorbed on classical sorbents) in the industrial research has been taken into consideration. In effect it facilitates the accumulating substances to be analyzed at short time interval providing identifying measurements. The technique has been verified during the investigation of the substances emitted in fertilizers processes at Maroko phosphorite decomposition. The organic sulfur compounds, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons have been detected

Life and scientific research of professor Władysław Pełczewski

On the 100th anniversary of his birth, Professor Władysław Pełczewski was recognized by polish electricians and the Board of the Polish Society of Theoretical and Applied Electrical Engineering (resolution of December 12, 2016 ) as the patron of the year 2017. Professor Władysław Pełczewski worked at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Lodz University of Technology (now the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Computer Science and Automation) since October 1945. He began his work at the Lodz University of Technology as a student, taking up the position of junior assistant in the Chair of Electrical Machines and Transformers organized by prof. Boleslaw Dubicki. He has gone through all the levels of a scientific career. Professor Władysław Pełczewski was a eminent scientist and engineer in the field of automation and electrical engineering. His research interests included electrical machines, electrical automation and the theory and application of automatic control with particular focus on optimal control of plants with external disturbances, constraints and changes in parameters. He was the creator of the Lodz school of automatic control of electrical drives and his scientific achievements are known and valued in Poland and throughout the world. He presented his work as visiting professor at universities in Toulouse, Rome, Bologna, Siegen, Paris, Grenoble, Padua, Darmstadt, Munich, Zurich, Milan, Stockholm, Glasgow and Delft.W 100 rocznicę urodzin uchwałą Zarządu Głównego Polskiego Towarzystwa Elektrotechniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej (z dnia 12 grudnia 2016 roku), profesor Władysław Pełczewski został uznany przez polskich elektryków za Patrona Roku 2017. Profesor Władysław Pełczewski pracował na Wydziale Elektrycznym Politechniki Łódzkiej (obecnie Wydział Elektrotechniki, Elektroniki, Informatyki i Automatyki) od października 1945 roku. Pracę w Politechnice Łódzkiej rozpoczął jeszcze jako student obejmując stanowisko młodszego asystenta w katedrze Maszyn Elektrycznych i Transformatorów zorganizowanej przez prof. Bolesława Dubickiego. Przeszedł wszystkie szczeble kariery naukowej. Profesor Władysław Pełczewski był wybitnym naukowcem i inżynierem w dziedzinie automatyki i elektrotechniki. Jego zainteresowania naukowe dotyczą zagadnień związanych z maszynami elektrycznymi, automatyzacją napędu elektrycznego oraz z teorią i zastosowaniem automatyki ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sterowania optymalnego obiektów poddanych zakłóceniom zewnętrznym, zmianom parametrów i ograniczeniom. Był twórcą łódzkiej szkoły naukowej automatyki napędów elektrycznych, a jego osiągnięcia naukowe są znane i cenione w kraju i za granicą. Wyniki swoich prac przedstawiał jako visiting professor na uniwersytetach w Tuluzie, Rzymie, Bolonii, Siegen, Paryżu, Grenoble, Padwie, Darmstadt, Monachium, Zurychu, Mediolanie, Sztokholmie, Glasgow i Delft