Zur währungspolitischen Situation der Entwicklungsländer | Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Stabilisierung

On the Monetary Situation of the Developing Countries. Possibilities and limits of Stabilization The monetary problem of the developing countries lies in the now already chronic balance-of-payments deficits. Their chief determinants are of both a structural nature (e. 8. monocultures, complementary structures, inadequate infrastructure) and a monetary nature (e.8. inflationary trend). On account of the only limited available stock of currency reserves, the need to adjust and restore foreign trade equilibrium is becoming ever more urgent. In this connection, a fundamental distinction must be drawn between: - long-range possibilities of stabilization, e.g. transfer of technology to developing countries, strengthening of their export capacity to improve the infrastructure, generation of “trust“ that permits private investors to import capital and re-invest profits in the country, etc., and - short-range possibilities of stabilization, which are suitable only for bridging momentary balance-of-payments difficulties and therefore must not replac.ea long-range restructurization process in the developing countries (but also in the industrial countries). These possibilities include in particular the credit facilities of the IMF, the allocation of special drawing rights (and their link with development aid), the role of the exchange rate, the formation of raw material producers cartels and, lastly, the methods proposed for export price and export earnings stabilization. The report reaches the conclusion that in international monetary policy - despite the many possibilities available for short-term remedying of liquidity' bottlenecks - only symptoms will be treated as long as countries with chronic deficits have not been completely integrated into the overall economic process. At present, solutions are still often frustrated by “technical and economic operationality” and “political acceptance” of the proposed reform efforts. Hence, there will continue to be more or less strong monetary turbulencein the future, too

Entwicklung eines möglichen Strukturkonzepts für die Bildung von Berufsgruppen

"Die Zusammenführung von Ausbildungsberufen mit verwandten Tätigkeiten zu Berufsgruppen ist eine aktuelle Aufgabe der Berufsbildungspolitik in Deutschland, die sowohl von den verantwortlichen Bundesressorts als auch von den Sozialparteien bei jeder Neuordnung und Neuentwicklung von Ausbildungsberufen zu lösen ist. Dabei ist ein wissenschaftlich fundiertes, abgestimmtes und standardisiertes Vorgehen zur Ermittlung der Gemeinsamkeiten bzw. Ähnlichkeiten von Berufsbildpositionen und/oder Fertigkeiten, Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten unverzichtbare Grundlage. Der hier entwickelte Ansatz besteht darin, die Identifikation dieser Gemeinsamkeiten im Rahmen von Vorverfahren systematisch und kriteriengeleitet durch ein interessenunabhängiges Institut durchführen zu lassen." (Autorenreferat)"The combination of recognised occupations requiring formal training, that are based on related tasks, is a current challenge for German policy concerning vocational education and training. In the course of reforming and developing recognised occupations requiring formal training federal ministries and social partners are responsible for solutions. In that process a well-grounded, coordinated and standardised procedure for identifying similar elements of occupational descriptions respectively competences is an essential fundament. The developed approach consists basically of a systematic preliminary proceeding, performed by an independant institute, considering different criteria." (author's abstract