2008 CEDER yearbook

Copyright © 2009 Center for Educational Development, Evaluation, and Research Texas A&M University-Corpus ChristiThe fifth annual conference of the Center for Educational Development, Evaluation and Research (CEDER) was held November 30 and December 1, 2007. The CEDER Conference focused on “Education for a Changing World.” More than 250 educators from around the United States and as far away as Venezuela and South Africa attended. The 2008 CEDER Yearbook is a peer-reviewed compilation of some of the papers delivered at that conference. Chapter 1, entitled, “Free Voluntary Reading: Still a Great Idea,” is presented by Dr. Stephen Krashen, one of the conference’s keynote speakers. He provides a meta-analysis of research linking access to books with child literacy rates and demonstrates that encouraging children to read for pleasure is a key to literacy development. The following 10 articles in this yearbook were selected by the Editorial Advisory Committee based on a number of criteria, including the importance and timeliness of the topic, theoretical grounding, and the contribution made to the field of education. Several themes run through this volume, which, when combined, paint a panoramic and vivid image of education for a changing world. Chapters 2 through 6 examine education for a changing world at the K-12 level. In Chapter 2, Barbara Marinak examines several methods in which the elements of informational text structures can be taught in elementary classrooms to increase reading comprehension. In chapters 3 and 4, the authors explore the implications of bilingual education in a world that is becoming increasingly diverse. Cherie McCollough, JoAnn McDonald, and JoAnn Canales use Chapter 3 to examine the ways in which culturally relevant family science learning events work to engage families in a child’s education. Special consideration is given to non-English speaking parents and family members. In Chapter 4, Frank Lucido, Christine Marroquin, Gina Reynolds, and Piedad Ymbert discuss brain-compatible teaching strategies and practical methods to develop bilingualism in students. Similarly, in Chapter 5, Connie Patchett, and Sherrye Dee Garrett call for the inclusion of more nonfiction in elementary classrooms as a way to overcome the “fourth grade slump” in reading comprehension. They provide several frameworks for the effective use of nonfiction texts with a variety of elementary students. In Chapter 6, Michael Moody takes a look at education in a changing world from an administrative perspective. He explores the relationship between school boards and their superintendants of schools, and the discrepancies in how they prioritize competencies for superintendant success. Chapters 7 through 11 explore higher education in a changing world. In Chapter 7, Teresa Le Sage and Barba Patton promote increasing pre-service teachers’ familiarity with using math/science notebooks to increase their effectiveness in the classroom. In Chapter 8, Kaye Nelson, Marvarene Oliver, and Darwin Nelson provide an overview of counselor education programs’ changes over time in response to the changing needs of a constantly fluctuating population. In Chapter 9, Barba Patton demonstrates the need for greater Internet literacy amongst pre-service teachers in an evaluation of lesson plans found online. Caroline Crawford, Richard Alan Smith, and Marion Smith, in Chapter 10, explore how web-based classes are changing college student perceptions of their instructors. Finally, in Chapter 11, Daniel Pearce, Wally Thompson and Tammy Francis Donaldson explore the effectiveness of a developmental reading class on the academic success of students in higher education. The world is changing rapidly, and it is important that educators adapt to these fluctuating circumstances and contexts. Education in a Changing World is not only about presenting emerging trends, but also about creating educators who are prepared to respond effectively to whatever challenges they may face in the future. Our sincerest thanks go out to everyone who contributed their talents to the creation this yearbook, and to all who participated in the Fifth Annual CEDER Conference

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity — Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO2 supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8