Global Makeup of Cardiothoracic Surgeons as Represented by Our Major Societies and Associations.

Prior efforts to capture the cardiothoracic surgery community rely on survey data with potentially biased or low response rates. Our goal is to better understand our community by assessing the membership directories from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS), European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), and Asian Society for Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery (ASCVTS). Membership data were obtained from membership directories. Data for STS and EACTS were supplemented by the associations from their internal databases. The inclusion criterion was active membership; trainees and wholly incomplete profiles were excluded. A total of 12 053 membership profiles were included (STS, 6365; EACTS, 3661; AATS, 1495; ASCVTS, 532). Membership is 7% female overall (EACTS, 9%; STS, 6%; AATS, 5%; ASCVTS, 3%), with a median age of 57 years (STS, 60 years; EACTS, 52 years). All societies had a broad scope of practice including members who practiced both adult cardiac and thoracic (20% overall), but most members practiced adult cardiac (31% overall; ASCVTS, 48%; AATS, 36%; EACTS, 30%; STS, 28%) and were in the late stage of their careers. We present the makeup of our 4 major societies. We are global with a diversity of careers but concerning factors that require immediate attention. The future of our specialty depends on our ability to evolve, to promote the specialty, to attract trainees, and to include and promote female surgeons. It is crucial that we wake up to these issues, change the narrative, and create action on both individual and leadership levels

Space Applications

Signals transmitted by global navigation satellite system (GNSS) satellites are not confined to the surface of the Earth but can likewise be used for navigation in space. Satellites in low Earth orbits, in particular, benefit from a similar signal strength and experience a full-sky visibility. On the other hand, the harsh space environment, long-term reliability requirements and the high dynamics of the host platform pose specific challenges to the design and operation of space-borne GNSS receivers. Despite these constraints, satellite manufacturers and scientists have early on started to exploit the benefits of GNSS technology. From the first flight of a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver on Landsat-4, GNSS receivers have evolved into indispensable and ubiquitous tools for navigation and control of space vehicles. Following a general introduction, the chapter first describes the specific aspects of GNSS signal tracking in space and highlights the technological challenges of space-borne receiver design. Subsequently, the use of GNSS for spacecraft navigation is discussed taking into account both real-time navigation and precise orbit determination. Relevant algorithms and software tools are discussed and the currently achieved performance is presented based on actual missions and flight results. A dedicated section is devoted to the use of spaceborne GNSS for relative navigation of formation flying satellites. The chapter concludes with an outlook on special applications such as spacecraft attitude determination, GNSS tracking of ballistic vehicles as well as GNSS radio science

CALICE Report to the DESY Physics Research Committee

We present an overview of the CALICE activities on calorimeter development for a future linear collider. We report on test beam analysis results, the status of prototype development and future plans.We present an overview of the CALICE activities on calorimeter development for a future linear collider. We report on test beam analysis results, the status of prototype development and future plans

Report to the DESY PRC

We present an overview of the CALICE activities on calorimeter development for a future linear collider. We report on test beam analysis results, the status of prototype development and future plans

Report to the DESY PRC

We present an overview of the CALICE activities on calorimeter development for a future linear collider. We report on test beam analysis results, the status of prototype development and future plans