Governance and Management in the Business of Sport

Sport activities and the environment around them are widely considered as being important examples of the emerging service economy, which cultivates strong ties with both the financial and the industrial sectors. Sports are social economic activities where developments indicate the existence of a dynamic process. In the global competitive context, sport organisations no longer require generalist managers who can turn their hands to everything, but rather they need managers with the ability to co-ordinate and control complex administration, delegate functions and motivate people. The role of marketing is steadily growingwithin a sport organisation’s business strategies

Using graph neural networks to reconstruct charged pion showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter

International audienceA novel method to reconstruct the energy of hadronic showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is presented. The HGCAL is a sampling calorimeter with very fine transverse and longitudinal granularity. The active media are silicon sensors and scintillator tiles readout by SiPMs and the absorbers are a combination of lead and Cu/CuW in the electromagnetic section, and steel in the hadronic section. The shower reconstruction method is based on graph neural networks and it makes use of a dynamic reduction network architecture. It is shown that the algorithm is able to capture and mitigate the main effects that normally hinder the reconstruction of hadronic showers using classical reconstruction methods, by compensating for fluctuations in the multiplicity, energy, and spatial distributions of the shower's constituents. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using test beam data collected in 2018 prototype of the CMS HGCAL accompanied by a section of the CALICE AHCAL prototype. The capability of the method to mitigate the impact of energy leakage from the calorimeter is also demonstrated