Spectroscopic studies of defects in gamma- and neutron-irradiated magnesium aluminates spinel ceramics

The spectroscopic investigations of defects in optical spinel ceramics irradiated with gamma-rays from ⁶⁰Co source and mixed neutron-gamma field in WWR reactor to neutron fluences of 1·10¹³ and 5·10¹³ n/cm² were provided. The obtained data on the dose dependence of intensity of absorption bands in the visible range allow to identify the origin of optical centers formed under irradiation. Absorption in IR range indicates on the presence in ceramics carbon-related complexes that become active after irradiation. The registered EPR signal of g = (2.0174±0.0005) and width of (46.1±1.5) G which corresponds to HO₂⁻ or O₃⁻ radicals. The dependences of the investigated centers on annealing temperature of the irradiated spinel ceramics show unusual increase in intensity of absorption and steady-state radio-luminescence in the temperature range of 200…400 °C. The role of complexes of defects including anti-site defects in formation and healing of defects in different temperature ranges are analyzed taking into account different mobility of cations and anions and specific mechanism of radio-luminescence.Проведені спектроскопічні дослідження в оптичній кераміці шпінелі, опроміненій гамма-променями джерела ⁶⁰Co та змішаним гамма-нейтронним потоком у ВВР реакторі при потоках нейтронів 1·10¹³ та 5·10¹³ нейтр./см². Одержані дані із залежності інтенсивності смуг поглинання у видимій області дозволили ідентифікувати природу оптичних центрів, створених опромінюванням. Поглинання світла в інфрачервоній області вказує на присутність у кераміці комплексів, що містять вуглець та стають оптично активними після опромінення. Зареєстрований сигнал ЕПР з g = (2.0174 ±0.0005) і шириною (46.1±1.5) Гс, що відповідає HO₂⁻ - або O₃⁻ -радикалам. Залежність досліджених центрів від температури відпалу в опроміненій кераміці шпінелі демонструє незвичайне збільшення інтенсивності поглинання та стаціонарної люмінесценції в інтервалі температур 200…400 °C. Проаналізована роль комплексів дефектів, які включають дефекти антиструктури в створенні та відпалу дефектів у різних температурних областях з урахуванням різної рухливості катіонів та аніонів, а також специфіки механізму рентегнолюмінесценції.Проведены спектроскопические исследования оптической керамики шпинели, облученной гамма-квантами источника ⁶⁰Co и смешанным гамма-нейтронным потоком в реакторе ВВР при потоках нейтронов 1·10¹³ и 5·10¹³ нейтр./см². Полученные данные из зависимости интенсивности полос поглощения в видимой области позволили определить природу оптических центров, созданных облучением. Поглощение света в инфракрасной области указывает на присутствие в керамике углеродсодержащих комплексов, которые становятся оптически активными после облучения. Зарегистрированный сигнал ЭПР с g = (2.0174 ±0.0005) и шириной (46.1±1.5) Гс, соответствующий HO₂⁻ - или O₃⁻ -радикалам. Зависимость концентраций исследованных центров от температуры отжига в облученной керамике шпинели демонстрирует необычный рост интенсивности поглощения и стационарной люминесценции в интервале температур 200…400 °C. Проанализирована роль комплексов дефектов, которые включают дефекты антиструктуры в образовании и отжиге дефектов в различных температурных областях с учетом различной подвижности катионов и анионов, а также специфики механизма рентгенолюминесценции

STUDY OF PROCESSES DURING ELECTROLYSIS OF ORGANIC DYE SOLUTION BY MEANS OF ION-PHOTON SPECTROMETRY

Spectral composition and quantum yield of radiation of the excited particles sputtered by an ion beam from surfaces of the dried sediment formed on electrodes at the electrolysis of the organic dye were studied by the method of ion-photon spectrometry. A correspondence between processes taking place near the electrode during the electrolysis of the organic dye solution and the composition of excited particles knocked out from the dried sediment formed on the electrodes was shown

Growth and Characterization of Titanium Doped Spinel Crystals

MgAl₂O₄ (magnesium aluminates spinel, MAS) single crystals doped with titanium ions obtained by the Verneuil method were non-uniformly colored along of the growth crystallographic direction. The crystals were characterized measuring lattice parameter, optical absorption spectra and relative concentration of impurity atoms (Ti, Mn, Cr, and Fe) in different spots of grown Ti:MAS boule. There was observed the correlation of the intensity of absorption band at 800 nm to the relative concentration of iron supporting the identification of this band with charge transfer transition in complexes Ti⁴⁺+Fe²⁺ → Ti³⁺+Fe³⁺. The new resonant structure at the wavelength of 470 nm was found and tentatively identified with the Fano resonance in the complexes formed by lattice defects and impurity ions

Point Defects in Magnesium Aluminates Spinel Ceramics Doped with Lithium Fluoride

The nature and topological distribution of optical centers within various regions of hot pressed disks of transparent magnesium aluminates spinel ceramics doped with LiF were studied. In the optical absorption spectra of this type of ceramic, bands were revealed at 4.75 eV and 5.3 eV, which were identified with $F^{+}-$ and F-centers, respectively. Because both bands are formed by anionic vacancies which captured one or two electrons, the topological distribution of anionic vacancies was determined. The band at 5.65 eV was also found which is tentatively identified with complex centers of anionic vacancies that capture fluorine ions and electrons. Using X-ray irradiation the variety of absorption bands of hole centers related to cationic vacancies was established. The spatial distribution of cationic vacancies within the ceramic disk was also determined

Effects of He{sup +} ion implantation on optical and structural properties of MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}

Single crystals of magnesium-aluminate spinel were implanted with 170 keV He{sup +} ions to fluences ranging from 1 x 10{sup 16}--1 x 10{sup 21} ions/m{sup 2} at 120 K. The effects of ion implantation were studied using optical absorption spectroscopy, Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy and Ion Channeling (RBS/C) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In absorption spectra obtained from the implanted samples, growth of an F-center band at 5.3 eV was observed. At the fluence of 3 x 10{sup 20} ions/m{sup 2}, the growth of this band not only ceases but the intensity suddenly decreases. This may be due to formation of a new phase at this fluence. This is partially confirmed by the fact that beginning at this dose, a modulated absorbance becomes apparent in the absorption spectrum of spinel. This effect is caused by formation of a buried layer with refraction index lower than that of an unimplanted sample. RBS/C and TEM measurements show that spinel is not amorphized over the fluence range examined in this study. TEM microdiffraction observations show that in the damaged region the intensities of superlattice spots decrease significantly, suggesting that ion beam irradiation induces either an order-disorder phase transition or a transformation into the so-called ``metastable'' phase of spinel