Main toxic components from Latrodectus pallidus venom: Isolation and partial structural characterization

Toxic components of the Latrodectus pallidus spider venom were isolated and characterized. The venom was shown to contain a toxin specific for mammals and at least one insectospecific toxin. Partial amino acid sequences of both toxins were determined, and their high structural homology with previously studied α-latrotoxin and α-latroinsectotoxin from L. mactans tredecimguttatus was found. © 1997 MAEe cyrillic signK Hayκa/Interperiodica Publishing

Main toxic components from Latrodectus pallidus venom: Isolation and partial structural characterization

Toxic components of the Latrodectus pallidus spider venom were isolated and characterized. The venom was shown to contain a toxin specific for mammals and at least one insectospecific toxin. Partial amino acid sequences of both toxins were determined, and their high structural homology with previously studied α-latrotoxin and α-latroinsectotoxin from L. mactans tredecimguttatus was found. © 1997 MAEe cyrillic signK Hayκa/Interperiodica Publishing

КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И ЛАЗЕРНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПРИ ТРАВМЕ СРЕДНЕЙ ЗОНЫ ЛИЦА

Aim: To assess the kind of damage of musculoskeletal apparatus of eye and orbit. To develop algorithm of laser therapy to restore orbital circulation and algorithm of transcranial laser therapy to improve microcirculation in maxillofacial muscles. Materials and methods: 75 patients with midfacial trauma were examined using laser spectrophotometry and computer modeling of orbital structures in frontal, sagittal, and inclined planes with SSD, MPR and VRT reconstructions (with Mimics software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium)). To study orbital and maxillofacial microcirculation complex Spectrotest was used. Tissue oxygen concentration (SatO2) and blood filling volume index of microcirculation (Vbf) were measured. Results: After computer modeling, several variants of damage of musculoskeletal apparatus of eye and orbit were identified including oculomotor muscle entrapment in 60% of patients, angular deviation of muscle belly in 30%, muscle contusion – in 45%, orbital hematoma – in 18%, scarring of musculoskeletal apparatus of orbit – in 40%. During early period of trauma of orbital wall and maxillary sinus, Vbf decreased by a mean of 12.5 ± 0.5% compared to normal values, whereas contralateral microcirculation increased by a mean of 28.5 ± 0.1% compared to normal values. Abnormal blood distribution persisted in the long-term, after bone reposition: blood flow increase was found only in 10% of patients. In severe trauma and chronic scarring, local laser irradiation was associated with increase of Vbf bilaterally, but chronically and significantly increased SatO2 indicated impaired tissue trophics and high risk of inflammatory complications. Conclusion: Computer modeling is of great value in the diagnosis and rehabilitation planning in patients with injuries of musculoskeletal apparatus of eye and orbital structures. Laser spectrophotometry is useful for the monitoring of microcirculation before, after the operation and during rehabilitation.Цель – определение характера повреждений структур опорно-мышечного аппарата глаза и глазницы, выработка алгоритма лазерной терапии для восстановления кровообращения в зоне повреждения орбиты и транскраниальной лазерной терапии для нормализации микроциркуляции во всех группах мышц челюстно-лицевой области. Материал и методы. Проанализированы результаты обследования и лечения 75 больных с травмой средней зоны лица с использованием методов лазерной спектрофотометрии и компьютерного моделирования структур орбиты во фронтальной, сагиттальной и наклонных плоскостях с SSD-, MPR- и VRT-реконструкциями. При компьютерном моделировании применялось программное обеспечение Mimics (Materialise, Leuven, Бельгия). Для исследования микроциркуляции тканей орбитальной и челюстно-лицевой областей использовался комплекс Спектротест. При исследовании регистрировались концентрация кислорода в тканях (сатурация (StO2)) и индекс объемного кровенаполнения сосудов микроциркуляторного русла (Vкр). Результаты. Компьютерное моделирование позволило выделить следующие варианты повреждений опорно-мышечного аппарата глаза и глазницы: ущемление глазодвигательной мышцы у 60% больных, угловое смещение мышечного брюшка – 30%, мышечную контузию – 45%, гематомы орбитальной области – 18%, рубцовую деформацию опорно-мышечного аппарата глазницы – 40%. В раннем периоде после травмы при повреждении стенок глазницы и верхнечелюстного синуса в микроциркуляторном русле Vкр снижался в среднем на 12,5 ± 0,5% по сравнению с нормой, при этом на здоровой стороне объем микроциркуляции увеличивался в среднем на 28,5 ± 0,1% по сравнению с нормой. В отдаленном периоде после репозиции костных отломков сохранялось перераспределение объема циркулирующей крови: повышение отмечено только у 10% больных. При тяжелых травмах и длительно существующих рубцовых деформациях локальные воздействия лазерного излучения увеличивали Vкр с двух сторон, но при этом сохранялись достоверно повышенные показатели StО2 (до 25,0 ± 0,6%), что характерно для нарушенной трофики тканей и в катамнезе не исключает развития воспалительных осложнений. Заключение. Метод компьютерного моделирования наиболее информативен при исследовании повреждений опорно-мышечных структур глаза и глазницы и рекомендуется при проведении диагностики и составлении плана реабилитации больных с данной патологией. Метод лазерной спектрофотометрии позволяет проследить в динамике процесс восстановления микроциркуляции тканей в до- и послеоперационном периоде и во время проведения реабилитационных мероприятий

Induction of Apoptotic Endonuclease EndoG with DNA-Damaging Agents Initiates Alternative Splicing of Telomerase Catalytic Subunit hTERT and Inhibition of Telomerase Activity hTERT in Human CD4+ and CD8+ Т Lymphocytes

Activity of the telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT (human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) can be regulated by alternative splicing of its mRNA. At the present time, the exact mechanism of hTERT splicing is not fully understood. Apoptotic endonuclease EndoG is known to participate this process. EndoG expression is induced by DNA damages. The aim of this work was to investigate the ability of DNA-damaging agents with different mechanism of action to induce EndoG expression and to inhibit telomerase activity due to the activation of hTERT alternative splicing in normal activated human CD4+ and CD8+ Т lymphocytes. All investigated DNA-damaging agents were able to induce EndoG expression. Cisplatin, a therapeutic compound, producing DNA cross-links induced the highest level of DNA damages and EndoG expression. Incubation of CD4+ and CD8+ Т cells with cisplatin caused the changes in proportion of hTERT splice variants and inhibition of telomerase activity. © 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Induction of apoptotic endonuclease endog with DNA-damaging agents initiates alternative splicing of telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT and inhibition of telomerase activity hTERT in human CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes

Activity of telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT (human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) can be regulated by alternative splicing of its mRNA. At present time exact mechanism of hTERT splicing is not fully understood. Apoptotic endonuclease EndoG is known to participate this process. EndoG expression is induced by DNA damages. The aim of this work was to investigate the ability of DNA-damaging agents with different mechanism of action to induce EndoG expression and inhibit telomerase activity due to the activation of hTERT alternative splicing in normal activated human CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes. All investigated DNA-damaging agents were able to induce EndoG expression. Cisplatin, a therapeutic compound, producing DNA cross-links induced the highest level of DNA damages and EndoG expression. Incubation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells with cisplatin caused the changes in proportion of hTERT splice variants and inhibition of telomerase activity

Direct conversion of 3-(2-nitroethyl)-1H-indoles into 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)acetonitriles

The recently discovered [4+1]-spirocyclization of nitroalkenes to indoles provided a convenient new approach to 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)acetonitriles. However, this reaction was complicated by the formation of inert 3-(2-nitroethyl)-1H-indole byproducts. Herein, we offer a workaround this problem that allows for effective transformation of the unwanted byproducts into acetonitrile target molecules. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Single mutation in peptide inhibitor of TRPV1 receptor changes its effect from hypothermic to hyperthermic level in animals

The TRPV1 receptor plays a significant role in many biological processes, such as perception of external temperature (above 43°C), inflammation development, and thermoregulation. Activation of TRPV1 leads to the pain occurrence and decrease in the body temperature, while inhibition of this receptor can lead to an increase in the temperature. The TRPV1 peptide modulators from sea anemone Heteractis crispa extract (APHC1 and APHC3) have been previously characterized as molecules, which generated a pronounced analgesic effect and a decrease in the body temperature in experimental animals. Using the combined APHC1 and APHC3 amino acid sequences, we have prepared a hybrid peptide molecule named A13 that contains all residues potentially important for the activity of the peptide precursors. Biological tests on animals have shown that the hybrid molecule not only combines the analgesic properties of both peptides but, unlike the peptide precursors, also raises the body temperature of experimental animals. © 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd