Accessing methadone within Moldovan prisons: Prejudice and myths amplified by peers.

BACKGROUND: The volatile HIV epidemic in Moldova, driven primarily by people who inject drugs (PWIDs), is concentrated in prisons. Although internationally recommended opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is available in Moldovan prisons, coverage remains inadequate and expansion efforts have failed to meet national and international goals. METHODS: To better understand why eligible prisoners are reluctant to initiate OAT, we surveyed recently released prisoners who met criteria for opioid dependence and compared those who had and had not been enrolled in within-prison OAT (N=56) using standardized scales on OAT knowledge and attitudes as well as within-prison harassment experiences. RESULTS: Knowledge about OAT was similar between both groups, but this knowledge and myths about OAT had independent and opposite direct effects on OAT attitudes. Those who were enrolled in OAT in prison were significantly more likely to perceive it as an effective form of treatment and had more tolerable attitudes toward OAT but were also more likely to have been bullied and to express concerns about their personal safety. Prisoners who had not been enrolled in OAT were more likely to endorse negative myths about methadone; only one person among them intended to receive OAT in the future. CONCLUSION: In Moldovan prisons, OAT enrollment and treatment continuation are influenced by ideological biases and myths that are largely formed, amplified, and reinforced behaviorally in restricted prison settings. Future interventions that expand OAT in prisons should target individual-level ideological prejudices and myths, as well as the prison environment.<br/

Molecular inorganic polymers: synthesis and crystal structures of KCl72H 2 SeO 3 and CsCl7H 2 SeO 3

International audienceAbstract KCl72H 2 SeO 3 and CsCl7H 2 SeO 3 have been synthesized using solution evaporation methods from aqueous solution. Both compounds are monoclinic ( P 2/ n and P 2 1 / c ) and demonstrate new structure types. One symmetrically unique SeO(OH) 2 molecule is present in each structure. SeO(OH) 2 molecules via strong hydrogen bonds form chains in KCl72H 2 SeO 3 and layers in ?sCl7H 2 SeO 3 . The structures of KCl72H 2 SeO 3 and CsCl7H 2 SeO 3 can be described as consisting of ionic KCl chains and CsCl layers incorporated into the covalent- and hydrogen-bonded H 2 SeO 3 matrix. To the best of our knowledge, the cases when selenious acid acts as a contributor to the molecular building blocks of salt-inclusion structures are not known to date

Protonated Organic Diamines as Templates for Layered and Microporous Structures: Synthesis, Crystal Chemistry, and Structural Trends among the Compounds Formed in Aqueous Systems Transition Metal Halide or Nitrate–Diamine–Selenious Acid

Systematic studies of crystalline compounds formed in aqueous systems containing aliphatic diamines, divalent transition metal halides, and selenious acid resulted in the discovery of a large family of new complex species corresponding to several new structure types. With ethylenediamine (en), layered (enH2)[M(HSeO3)2X2] compounds are the most commonly formed species which constitute a significant contribution to the family of layered hydrogen selenites containing neutral [M(HSeO3)2] (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) 2D building blocks. In contrast to some previous suggestions, piperazine (pip), as well as its homologue N-methylpiperazine, mostly give rise to quite different, sometimes more complex, structures of varied dimensionality while the (pipH2)[M(HSeO3)2X2] compounds are formed only with M = Cu and Cd. In addition, metal-, halide-, or selenium-free by-product species are observed. The SeIV can be present in a multitude of forms, including H2SeO3, HSeO3−, SeO32−, and Se2O52−, reflecting amazing adaptability to the shape of the templating cations