Espécies com potencial para cercas-vicas em SAF's da Região Sul do RS: estudo preliminar.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo elencar espécies com potencial para cercas-vivas em Sistemas Agroflorestais da região Sul do RS, buscando contribuir para proteção de agroecossistemas. Com base em revisão bibliográfica realizada foram elencadas 81 espécies, das quais 10 foram selecionadas para maior aprofundamento e serão apresentadas neste estudo. Posteriormente estas espécies serão testadas e analisadas em campo. Abstract: The present study aims to list species with potential for living fences in agroforestry systems in southern RS, seeking to contribute to protection of agroecosystems. Based on the literature review were listed 81 species, of which 10 were selected for further deepening and will be presented in this study. Later these species will be tested and evaluated in the ground

Avaliação da superação de dormência de sementes de Cupania vernalis Cambess.

Cupania vernalis pertence à família Sapindaceae e é conhecida popularmente como camboatá. Suas sementes apresentam alto teor de umidade e são classificadas como recalcitrantes. Frente à dificuldade de armazenagem e na busca por métodos que acelerem a germinação e emergência, submeteu-se as sementes a diferentes tratamentos de superação de dormência. Foram testados os processos de escarificação, aquecimento em água quente a 50ºC por 5 minutos, desidratação a 40% e testemunha sem tratamento. As sementes tiveram o arilo removido antes da aplicação dos tratamentos. Para cada um dos tratamentos avaliou-se a emergência durante 30, 60 e 90 dias. O aquecimento em água quente a 50ºC por 5 minutos acelerou o processo de germinação, enquanto que o tratamento desidratação apresentou a menor emergência absoluta, ainda que não tenha provocado a total inviabilidade das sementes. Abstract: Cupania vernalis belongs to the family Sapindaceae and it is known than camboatá. Their seeds have high moisture content and are classified as recalcitrant. Facing the difficulty of storing and for methods to speed up germination and emergence, underwent the seeds to different treatments. Scarification, heating in hot water at 50ºc for 5 minutes, dehydration to 40% and control without treatment where tested. The seeds had the aril removed before application the treatments. For each one of the treatments was evaluated at 30, 60 and emergencies during 90 days. Heating in hot water at 50ºc for 5 minutes accelerated the process of germination, while treating dehydration presented the lowest absolute emergency, even though it has not caused the total impracticality of the seeds

The ability of four strains of Streptococcus uberis to induce clinical mastitis after intramammary inoculation in lactating cows

AIM: To compare the ability of four strains of Streptococcus uberis at two doses to induce clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows after intramammary inoculation in order to evaluate their usefulness for future experimental infection models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four field strains of Streptococcus uberis (26LB, S418, and S523 and SR115) were obtained from cows with clinical mastitis in the Wairarapa and Waikato regions of New Zealand. Twenty-four crossbred lactating cows, with no history of mastitis and absence of major pathogens following culture of milk samples, were randomly allocated to four groups (one per strain) of six cows. Each cow was infused (Day 0) in one quarter with approximately 104 cfu and in the contralateral quarter with approximately 106 cfu of the same strain. The other two quarters remained unchallenged. All four quarters were then inspected for signs of clinical mastitis, by palpation and observation of the foremilk, twice daily from Days 0–9, and composite milk samples were collected from Days 0–8 for analysis of somatic cell counts (SCC). Quarters were treated with penicillin when clinical mastitis was observed. Duplicate milk samples were collected and cultured on presentation of each clinical case and on Day 4 from challenged quarters with no clinical signs. RESULTS: Clinical mastitis was diagnosed in 26/48 (54%) challenged quarters. Challenge with strain S418 resulted in more cases of mastitis (12/12 quarters) than strains SR115 (7/12), 26LB (6/12) or S523 (1/12), and the mean interval from challenge to first diagnosis of mastitis was shorter for S418 than the other strains (p<0.001). The proportion of quarters from which S. uberis could be isolated after challenge was less for strain 26LB (1/6) than SR115 (6/7) (p<0.05), and SCC following challenge was lower for strain S523 than the other strains (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences between the strains in the proportion of quarters developing clinical mastitis, the interval to mastitis onset, SCC following challenge and the proportion of clinical cases from which S. uberis could be isolated. These results illustrate the difference in the ability of S. uberis strains to cause mastitis and the severity of the infections caused. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Experimental challenge models can be used to compare infectivity and pathogenicity of different strains of mastitis-causing bacteria, the efficacy of pharmaceutical products and host-responses in a cost-effective manner.S Notcovich, G deNicolo, NB Williamson, A Grinberg, N Lopez-Villalobos, KR Petrovsk

Licenciamento de espécies florestais nativas em sistemas agroflorestais no contexto da agricultura familiar.

O estudo está sendo realizado em três agroecossistemas que participam do projeto de pesquisa ?Construção participativa de sistemas agroflorestais no território sul do Rio Grande do Sul ? Encosta da Serra do Sudeste?, onde foram implantadas unidades pedagógicas de sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs). O presente trabalho consiste em exercitar o processo de licenciamento de plantios florestais com espécies nativas. Para tanto, tem-se realizado revisão bibliográfica e de fontes secundárias, entrevistas com os agentes licenciadores e famílias agricultoras, com o intuito de esclarecer, problematizar e qualificar os procedimentos administrativos e legais para que um agricultor possa plantar, manejar e colher produtos madeireiros e não-madeireiros, oriundos de espécies florestais nativas, atendendo as exigências da legislação ambiental. Abstract The study was conducted in three agroecosystems that participate in the research project "construction development of agroforestry systems in the territory south of the Rio Grande do Sul - South East Side of the Sierra," where units were deployed teaching agroforestry systems (AFS). The present work consists in exercising the licensing process forest plantations with native species. For both, we have performed bibliographic review and secondary sources, interviews with the licensors and farming families, with the intention of clarify, problematize and qualify the administrative and legal procedures necessary for that a farmer to plant, manage and harvest timber and non-wood from native forest species, meeting the requirement of environmental legislation

Q-phonon description of low lying 1^- two-phonon states in spherical nuclei

The properties of 1^-_1 two-phonon states and the characteristics of E1 transition probabilities between low-lying collective states in spherical nuclei are analysed within the Q-phonon approach to the description of collective states. Several relations between observables are obtained. Microscopic calculations of the E1 0^+_1 -> 1^-_1 transition matrix elements are performed on the basis of the RPA. A satisfactory description of the experimental data is obtained.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures, 9 table