Northern Bobwhite Habitat Modeling on a Military Installation in Relation to Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Management

The Department of Defense (DoD) manages natural resources on ~ 8 million ha of land. A top priority for much of this land is to restore and maintain native ecosystems and associated wildlife species. However, given the typical location (i.e., threatened ecosystems) and size of DoD lands, management conflicts usually occur among endangered/threatened species and game species. Military installations in the southeastern United States are commonly managed to protect red-cockaded woodpecker (Piciodes borealis) (RCW) populations and longleaf-wiregrass ecosystems. Mandated RCW management is not entirely compatible with other declining species such as northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Land managers need to be equipped with spatially-explicit habitat models that can be used to make informed decisions on how to manage for particular species. Data collected on Fort Gordon Military Installation, Georgia from male bobwhite whistle counts during summer 2010 and 2011 will be used to construct competing models on the relationship between RCW management and other habitat structure metrics as it relates to bobwhite habitat suitability. These data were collected using a robust occupancy sampling design to allow open and closed population assumptions. Preliminary data suggests the RCW habitat ranking matrix is a poor predictor of bobwhite habitat suitability and, more alarmingly, RCW population performance. These models will assist natural resource managers on DoD land in making efficient decisions in the face of uncertainty

Caregiving concerns and clinical characteristics across neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders in the Ontario neurodegenerative disease research initiative

Objectives: Caregiving burdens are a substantial concern in the clinical care of persons with neurodegenerative disorders. In the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative, we used the Zarit\u27s Burden Interview (ZBI) to examine: (1) the types of burdens captured by the ZBI in a cross-disorder sample of neurodegenerative conditions (2) whether there are categorical or disorder-specific effects on caregiving burdens, and (3) which demographic, clinical, and cognitive measures are related to burden(s) in neurodegenerative disorders?. Methods/Design: N = 504 participants and their study partners (e.g., family, friends) across: Alzheimer\u27s disease/mild cognitive impairment (AD/MCI; n = 120), Parkinson\u27s disease (PD; n = 136), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; n = 38), frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n = 53), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD; n = 157). Study partners provided information about themselves, and information about the clinical participants (e.g., activities of daily living (ADL)). We used Correspondence Analysis to identify types of caregiving concerns in the ZBI. We then identified relationships between those concerns and demographic and clinical measures, and a cognitive battery. Results: We found three components in the ZBI. The first was “overall burden” and was (1) strongly related to increased neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI severity r = 0.586, NPI distress r = 0.587) and decreased independence in ADL (instrumental ADLs r = −0.566, basic ADLs r = −0.43), (2) moderately related to cognition (MoCA r = −0.268), and (3) showed little-to-no differences between disorders. The second and third components together showed four types of caregiving concerns: current care of the person with the neurodegenerative disease, future care of the person with the neurodegenerative disease, personal concerns of study partners, and social concerns of study partners. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the experience of caregiving in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases is individualized and is not defined by diagnostic categories. Our findings highlight the importance of targeting ADL and neuropsychiatric symptoms with caregiver-personalized solutions

Monitoring Northern Bobwhite Populations Reduces Uncertainty About Management Effectiveness: A Paradigm of Empiricism and Hope

Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations have been declining across their range for decades because of habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. Habitat restoration and management—sometimes coupled with other cultural practices—has long been the paradigm for bobwhite conservation. However, the lack of peer-reviewed empirical evidence supporting the success of active management to increase bobwhite density and growth rates has created skepticism and uncertainty among some conservationists and user groups. Thus, our objectives were to test the basic prediction that active management can increase bobwhite populations across a large spatial extent and highlight the importance of population monitoring to refine management through adaptive feedback. We developed a Bayesian N-mixture model to estimate bobwhite densities and population growth rates at 17 Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) in four Southeastern US states. Based on expert opinion, we classified WMAs into two groups—actively managed (e.g., bobwhite specific management) and passively managed (land management in a non-specific species fashion)—to test our prediction. Populations significantly increased across the survey periods at 4 WMAs and significantly decreased at 1 WMA. Populations on actively managed WMAs grew at an average of 13% per year, while populations on passively managed WMAs had stable trends. Mean bobwhite densities ranged from 0.145 (95% CrI: 0.025, 0.435) to 2.853 (95% CrI: 2.131, 3.914) birds/ha—typical of estimates in the literature. On WMAs where bobwhites are a management objective, continued population monitoring is vital to reduce uncertainty and make optimal management decisions to maintain recreationally viable populations. We provide a robust approach to estimate bobwhite densities and population trends in response to management so managers can make well-informed decisions and adapt in the future. We offer the conservation community some of the first empirical evidence of positive growth rates in bobwhite populations that should stimulate hope in bobwhite restoration

White matter hyperintensities and smaller cortical thickness are associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases

Abstract Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a core feature of most neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. White matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy have been implicated in NPS. We aimed to investigate the relative contribution of white matter hyperintensities and cortical thickness to NPS in participants across neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods Five hundred thirteen participants with one of these conditions, i.e. Alzheimer’s Disease/Mild Cognitive Impairment, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Frontotemporal Dementia, Parkinson’s Disease, or Cerebrovascular Disease, were included in the study. NPS were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory – Questionnaire and grouped into hyperactivity, psychotic, affective, and apathy subsyndromes. White matter hyperintensities were quantified using a semi-automatic segmentation technique and FreeSurfer cortical thickness was used to measure regional grey matter loss. Results Although NPS were frequent across the five disease groups, participants with frontotemporal dementia had the highest frequency of hyperactivity, apathy, and affective subsyndromes compared to other groups, whilst psychotic subsyndrome was high in both frontotemporal dementia and Parkinson’s disease. Results from univariate and multivariate results showed that various predictors were associated with neuropsychiatric subsyndromes, especially cortical thickness in the inferior frontal, cingulate, and insula regions, sex(female), global cognition, and basal ganglia-thalamus white matter hyperintensities. Conclusions In participants with neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases, our results suggest that smaller cortical thickness and white matter hyperintensity burden in several cortical-subcortical structures may contribute to the development of NPS. Further studies investigating the mechanisms that determine the progression of NPS in various neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are needed