198 research outputs found
Guarantees of law and problems of security in the democratic state
The article examines different approaches to the definition of "guarantees of the rule of law". Also the most relevant classification guarantees the rule of law are presented in the article
Multiple Factorizations of Bivariate Linear Partial Differential Operators
We study the case when a bivariate Linear Partial Differential Operator
(LPDO) of orders three or four has several different factorizations.
We prove that a third-order bivariate LPDO has a first-order left and right
factors such that their symbols are co-prime if and only if the operator has a
factorization into three factors, the left one of which is exactly the initial
left factor and the right one is exactly the initial right factor. We show that
the condition that the symbols of the initial left and right factors are
co-prime is essential, and that the analogous statement "as it is" is not true
for LPDOs of order four.
Then we consider completely reducible LPDOs, which are defined as an
intersection of principal ideals. Such operators may also be required to have
several different factorizations. Considering all possible cases, we ruled out
some of them from the consideration due to the first result of the paper. The
explicit formulae for the sufficient conditions for the complete reducibility
of an LPDO were found also
Algorithm for post-processing of tomography images to calculate the dimension-geometric features of porous structures
An algorithm for post-processing of the grayscale 3D computed tomography (CT) images of porous structures with the automatic selection of filtering parameters is proposed. The determination of parameters is carried out on a representative part of the image under analysis. A criterion for the search for optimal filtering parameters based on the count of "levitating stone" voxels is described. The stages of CT image filtering and its binarization are performed sequentially. Bilateral and anisotropic diffuse filtering is implemented; the Otsu method for unbalanced classes is chosen for binarization. Verification of the proposed algorithm was carried out on model data. To create model porous structures, we used our image generator, which implements the function of anisotropic porous structures generation. Results of the post-processing of real CT images containing noise and reconstruction artifacts by the proposed method are discussed.This work was partly supported by the RF Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the State assignment of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS (computed tomography measurements and data analysis) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) under projects Nos. 18-29-26019 and 19-01-00790 (algorithms development)
Conjugacy in Baumslag's group, generic case complexity, and division in power circuits
The conjugacy problem belongs to algorithmic group theory. It is the
following question: given two words x, y over generators of a fixed group G,
decide whether x and y are conjugated, i.e., whether there exists some z such
that zxz^{-1} = y in G. The conjugacy problem is more difficult than the word
problem, in general. We investigate the complexity of the conjugacy problem for
two prominent groups: the Baumslag-Solitar group BS(1,2) and the
Baumslag(-Gersten) group G(1,2). The conjugacy problem in BS(1,2) is
TC^0-complete. To the best of our knowledge BS(1,2) is the first natural
infinite non-commutative group where such a precise and low complexity is
shown. The Baumslag group G(1,2) is an HNN-extension of BS(1,2). We show that
the conjugacy problem is decidable (which has been known before); but our
results go far beyond decidability. In particular, we are able to show that
conjugacy in G(1,2) can be solved in polynomial time in a strongly generic
setting. This means that essentially for all inputs conjugacy in G(1,2) can be
decided efficiently. In contrast, we show that under a plausible assumption the
average case complexity of the same problem is non-elementary. Moreover, we
provide a lower bound for the conjugacy problem in G(1,2) by reducing the
division problem in power circuits to the conjugacy problem in G(1,2). The
complexity of the division problem in power circuits is an open and interesting
problem in integer arithmetic.Comment: Section 5 added: We show that an HNN extension G = < H, b | bab^-1 =
{\phi}(a), a \in A > has a non-amenable Schreier graph with respect to the
base group H if and only if A \neq H \neq
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² NMDA ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ QSAR ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
29 conjugates of methylene blue and four chemical structures, including derivatives of carbazole, tetrahydrocarbazole, substituted indoles and Ξ³-carboline, combined with a 1-oxopropylene spacer have been studied as channel blockers of the NMDA receptor (binding site of MK-801) by using four QSAR methods (multiple linear regression, random forest, support vector machine, Gaussian process) and molecular docking. QSAR models have satisfactory characteristics. The analysis of regression models at the statistical level revealed an important role of the hydrogen bond in the complex formation. This was also confirmed by the study of modeled by docking complexes. It was found that the increase in the inhibitory activity of the part of compounds could be attributed to appearance of additional H bonds between the ligands and the receptor.Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 4-Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² QSAR (ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ) ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² NMDA ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° (ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ-801) 29 ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°, Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ξ³-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
1-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ QSAR ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΎΠΌ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ
Assimilation of Temperatures and Column Dust Opacities Measured by ExoMars TGO-ACS-TIRVIM During the MY34 Global Dust Storm
Funding Information: ExoMars is a space mission of ESA and Roscosmos. The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) experiment is led by IKI, the Space Research Institute in Moscow, Russia, assisted by LATMOS in France. This work, exploiting ACS/TIRVIM data, acknowledges funding by the CNES. The science operations of ACS are funded by Roscosmos and ESA. The ACS/TIRVIM team at IKI acknowledges the subsidy of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia. The authors acknowledge Sandrine Guerlet and the ACS/TGO team for supplying the data and the data center ESPRI/IPSL for their help in accessing the data. R. M. B. Young acknowledges funding from the UAE University grants G00003322 and G00003407. Supercomputing resources were provided by the UAE University High Performance Computing, with technical support from Anil Thomas and Asma Alneyadi, and at LMD by the IPSL mesocentre. The authors thank Luca Montabone for access to processed versions of Mars Climate Sounder temperature and dust observations, and Thomas Navarro and Claus Gebhardt for useful discussions.Peer reviewe
The inverse moment problem for convex polytopes
The goal of this paper is to present a general and novel approach for the
reconstruction of any convex d-dimensional polytope P, from knowledge of its
moments. In particular, we show that the vertices of an N-vertex polytope in
R^d can be reconstructed from the knowledge of O(DN) axial moments (w.r.t. to
an unknown polynomial measure od degree D) in d+1 distinct generic directions.
Our approach is based on the collection of moment formulas due to Brion,
Lawrence, Khovanskii-Pukhikov, and Barvinok that arise in the discrete geometry
of polytopes, and what variously known as Prony's method, or Vandermonde
factorization of finite rank Hankel matrices.Comment: LaTeX2e, 24 pages including 1 appendi
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