14,946 research outputs found
The Exact Ground State of the Frenkel-Kontorova Model with Repeated Parabolic Potential: II. Numerical Treatment
A procedure is described for efficiently finding the ground state energy and
configuration for a Frenkel-Kontorova model in a periodic potential, consisting
of N parabolic segments of identical curvature in each period, through a
numerical solution of the convex minimization problem described in the
preceding paper. The key elements are the use of subdifferentials to describe
the structure of the minimization problem; an intuitive picture of how to solve
it, based on motion of quasiparticles; and a fast linear optimization method
with a reduced memory requirement. The procedure has been tested for N up to
200.Comment: 9 RevTeX pages, using AMS-Fonts (amssym.tex,amssym.def), 3 Postscript
figures, accepted by Phys.Rev.B to be published together with
cond-mat/970722
Quantum Counterfactuals and Locality
Stapp's counterfactual argument for quantum nonlocality based upon a Hardy
entangled state is shown to be flawed. While he has correctly analyzed a
particular framework using the method of consistent histories, there are
alternative frameworks which do not support his argument. The framework
dependence of quantum counterfactual arguments, with analogs in classical
counterfactuals, vitiates the claim that nonlocal (superluminal) influences
exist in the quantum world. Instead it shows that counterfactual arguments are
of limited use for analyzing these questions.Comment: 8 pages, 1 PSTricks figur
The effect of temperature upon the growth and metabolism of aeromonas hydrophila and lactobacillus plantarum in pure and mixed culture
The effects of temperature upon the growth and metabolism of pure and mixed
populations of Aeromonas hydrophila and Lactobacillus p/an/Qrum were studied.
Initially a medium was developed to provide unbiased support for both organisms.
The effect of temperature upon lag phase, growth rate, and final population level
between pure and mixed culture was investigated. Temperature effects were only
found to be significant when comparing the final population levels of Lb. p/anlDrum
between pure and mixed culture. The lactobacilli exhibited a bomofermentative to
heterofermentative switch between pure and mixed culture. This was probably due to
substrate competition from the aeromonad population in mixed culture
The metabolism of Aer. hydrophi!a has not been well described in the literature,
compared to that of the lactobacilli. Due to the simplicity of the growth medium it was
possible to determine the substrates relatively easily, although quantification required
amino acid analysis. It was found that the organism utilized amino acids as primary
substrates, switching to available carbohydrate as the population moved from growth
to stationary phase. The principal product was found to be urea. During the stationary
phase of population development it was interesting to note that the pH of the medium
increased to well above the starting point of around S.S. This was principally due to
de-amination of the urea product. Growth temperature above recognized optimum
(28°C) was found to affect the metabolic profile of this organism, leading to low final
pH levels.
4
The pattern of temperature effect upon the metabolism of Lb. plantarum as expressed
by growth yields showed a similar pattern to the final population levels. The ratio of
lactate formed : dextrose utilized was reversed at the 100e point. Growth of Lb.
plantarum was not detected at the soe point.
A new third order polynomial model was developed to describe the tag phase of
bacterial cultures across a temperature range. The new model was compared with two
others from the literature. The new model was chosen based upon statistical results.
The pattern exhibited by final population levels at the different temperatures showed •
similar point of inflection to that expressed by the polynomiallag phase model. The
growth rate was modeled with the Schoolfield model which was proven to be the
closest estimate of the three models tested.
The theory ofhomeoviscous adaptation was used to explain the behavior patterns
observed
Object Matching in Distributed Video Surveillance Systems by LDA-Based Appearance Descriptors
Establishing correspondences among object instances is still challenging in multi-camera surveillance systems, especially when the cameras’ fields of view are non-overlapping. Spatiotemporal constraints can help in solving the correspondence problem but still leave a wide margin of uncertainty. One way to reduce this uncertainty is to use appearance information about the moving objects in the site. In this paper we present the preliminary results of a new method that can capture salient appearance characteristics at each camera node in the network. A Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model is created and maintained at each node in the camera network. Each object is encoded in terms of the LDA bag-of-words model for appearance. The encoded appearance is then used to establish probable matching across cameras. Preliminary experiments are conducted on a dataset of 20 individuals and comparison against Madden’s I-MCHR is reported
Positionally dependent ^(15)N fraction factors in the UV photolysis of N_2O determined by high resolution FTIR spectroscopy
Positionally dependent fractionation factors for the photolysis of isotopomers of N_2O in natural abundance have been determined by high resolution FTIR spectroscopy at three photolysis wavelengths. Fractionation factors show clear 15N position and photolysis wavelength dependence and are in qualitative agreement with theoretical models but are twice as large. The fractionation factors increase with photolysis wavelength from 193 to 211 nm, with the fractionation factors at 207.6 nm for ^(14)N^(15)N^916)O, ^(15)N^(14)N^(16)O and ^(14)N^(14)N^(18)O equal to −66.5±5‰,−27.1±6‰ and −49±10‰, respectively
The Paradoxical Forces for the Classical Electromagnetic Lag Associated with the Aharonov-Bohm Phase Shift
The classical electromagnetic lag assocated with the Aharonov-Bohm phase
shift is obtained by using a Darwin-Lagrangian analysis similar to that given
by Coleman and Van Vleck to identify the puzzling forces of the Shockley-James
paradox. The classical forces cause changes in particle velocities and so
produce a relative lag leading to the same phase shift as predicted by Aharonov
and Bohm and observed in experiments. An experiment is proposed to test for
this lag aspect implied by the classical analysis but not present in the
currently-accepted quantum topological description of the phase shift.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Darwin-Lagrangian Analysis for the Interaction of a Point Charge and a Magnet: Considerations Related to the Controversy Regarding the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher Phase Shifts
The classical electromagnetic interaction of a point charge and a magnet is
discussed by first calculating the interaction of point charge with a simple
model magnetic moment and then suggesting a multiparticle limit. The Darwin
Lagrangian is used to analyze the electromagnetic behavior of the model
magnetic moment (composed of two oppositely charged particles of different mass
in an initially circular orbit) interacting with a passing point charge. The
changing mangetic moment is found to put a force back on a passing charge; this
force is of order 1/c^2 and depends upon the magnitude of the magnetic moment.
It is suggested that in the limit of a multiparticle magnetic toroid, the
electric fields of the passing charge are screened out of the body of the
magnet while the magnetic fields penetrate into the magnet. This is consistent
with our understanding of the penetration of electromagnetic velocity fields
into ohmic conductors. Conservation laws are discussed. The work corresponds to
a classical electromagnetic analysis of the interaction which is basic to
understanding the controversy over the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher phase
shifts and represents a refutation of the suggestions of Aharonov, Pearle, and
Vaidman.Comment: 33 page
Surface MIMO: Using Conductive Surfaces For MIMO Between Small Devices
As connected devices continue to decrease in size, we explore the idea of
leveraging everyday surfaces such as tabletops and walls to augment the
wireless capabilities of devices. Specifically, we introduce Surface MIMO, a
technique that enables MIMO communication between small devices via surfaces
coated with conductive paint or covered with conductive cloth. These surfaces
act as an additional spatial path that enables MIMO capabilities without
increasing the physical size of the devices themselves. We provide an extensive
characterization of these surfaces that reveal their effect on the propagation
of EM waves. Our evaluation shows that we can enable additional spatial streams
using the conductive surface and achieve average throughput gains of 2.6-3x for
small devices. Finally, we also leverage the wideband characteristics of these
conductive surfaces to demonstrate the first Gbps surface communication system
that can directly transfer bits through the surface at up to 1.3 Gbps.Comment: MobiCom '1
Aligned Molecular Clouds towards SS433 and L=348.5 degrees; Possible Evidence for Galactic "Vapor Trail" Created by Relativistic Jet
We have carried out a detailed analysis of the NANTEN 12CO(J=1-0) dataset in
two large areas of ~25 square degrees towards SS433 (l~40 degree) and of ~18
square degrees towards l~348.5 degree, respectively. We have discovered two
groups of remarkably aligned molecular clouds at |b|~1--5 degree in the two
regions. In SS433, we have detected 10 clouds in total, which are well aligned
nearly along the axis of the X-ray jet emanating from SS433. These clouds have
similar line-of-sight velocities of 42--56 km s^-1 and the total projected
length of the feature is ~300 pc, three times larger than that of the X-ray
jet, at a distance of 3 kpc. Towards l~348.5 degree, we have detected four
clouds named as MJG348.5 at line-of-sight velocities of -80 -- -95 km s^-1 in
V_LSR, which also show alignment nearly perpendicular to the Galactic plane.
The total length of the feature is ~400 pc at a kinematic distance of 6 kpc. In
the both cases, the CO clouds are distributed at high galactic latitudes where
such clouds are very rare. In addition, their alignments and coincidence in
velocity should be even rarer, suggesting that they are physically associated.
We tested a few possibilities to explain these clouds, including protostellar
outflows, supershells, and interactions with energetic jets. Among them, a
favorable scenario is that the interaction between relativistic jet and the
interstellar medium induced the formation of molecular clouds over the last
~10^5-6 yrs. It is suggested that the timescale of the relativistic jet may be
considerably larger, in the order of 10^5-6 yrs, than previously thought in
SS433. The driving engine of the jet is obviously SS433 itself in SS433,
although the engine is not yet identified in MJG348.5 among possible several
candidates detected in the X-rays and TeV gamma rays.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures, already published in PASJ, 2008,60, 71
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