46 research outputs found
Gleichstellungsimpuls BEEG? ErwerbsverlĂ€ufe werdender MĂŒtter vor und nach der Elternzeitreform von 2007
Mit der EinfĂŒhrung des Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz (BEEG) im Jahr 2007 wurde der Familienpolitik in Deutschland ein Paradigmenwechsel bescheinigt, da erstmals Individuen an die Stelle von Familien in den Fokus der UnterstĂŒtzungsmaĂnahmen rĂŒckten. Aus der Familienforschung liegen bereits einhellige Befunde vor. Zwar kann das BEEG zur Förderung der Geschlechtergleichstellung beitragen, doch seine einkommensabhĂ€ngige Ausgestaltung vertrĂ€gt sich eher weniger mit den Voraussetzungen einer sozialen Gerechtigkeit. Die hier vorliegende Arbeit beschĂ€ftigt sich mit zwei zentralen Forschungsfragen. Zum einen soll mithilfe der Multichannel Sequence Analysis (MCSA) untersucht werden, ob sich werdende MĂŒtter in ihren drei Jahre lang beobachteten ErwerbsverlĂ€ufen mehr, weniger oder gleichermaĂen den ErwerbsverlĂ€ufen ihrer Partner annĂ€hern. Zum anderen wird die Hypothese ĂŒberprĂŒft, ob bei MĂŒttern eine höhere Bildung mit einer privilegierten BEEG-Wirksamkeit einhergeht. FĂŒr diesen zweiten Forschungsaspekt der Arbeit wird die Methode der multi-nomialen logistischen Regression herangezogen. Um beide Fragestellungen bearbeiten zu können, werden die LĂ€ngsschnittdaten des Soziookonomischen Panels (SOEP) genutzt und in zwei Zeitepochen (1990â2006; 2007â2018) unterteilt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zunehmend heterogene FrauenerwerbsverlĂ€ufe. RĂŒcklĂ€ufigen Berufsausstiegs- und Hausfrauenmuster sowie die deutlich vermehrte ĂbergĂ€nge in TeilzeitbeschĂ€ftigungen erfahren Frauen nahezu exklusiv. Dabei erhöht ein hohes bis mittleres Bildungsniveau die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer zeitigen und planbaren ErwerbsrĂŒckkehr. Damit kann dem BEEG einerseits zugestanden werden, die richtige Richtung in der Geschlechterangleichung vorzugeben. Andererseits gilt es, identifizierte Schwachstellen in der SozialvertrĂ€glichkeit des Gesetzes anzuerkennen und zugunsten von MĂŒttern mit geringerer Bildung auszubessern.The introduction of the Federal Parental Allowance and Parental Leave Act (Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz, BEEG) in 2007 marked a paradigm shift in family policy in Germany, as for the first time individuals took the place of families as the focus of support policies. There are already consistent findings from family research. Although the BEEG can contribute to the promotion of gender equality, its income-dependent design is rather less compatible with the requirements of social justice. This paper addresses two central research questions. First, it uses multichannel sequence analysis to investigate whether mothers-to-be converge more, less, or equally to their partners' employment trajectories in their three-year observed employment trajectories. Second, the hypothesis is tested whether mothers with higher education experience a privileged BEEG effectiveness. For this second research aspect of the paper, the method of multinomial logistic regression is used. To address both questions, lon-gitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) are used and divided into two time epochs (1990-2006; 2007-2018). The results show increasingly heterogeneous female employment trajectories. Declining career exit and housewife patterns, as well as significant-ly increased transitions to part-time employment, are experienced almost exclusively by women. At the same time, a high to medium level of education increases the probability of a prompt and predictable return to the labor force. Thus, on the one hand, the BEEG can be credited with setting the right direction in gender equalization. On the other hand, it is important to recognize identified weaknesses in the social compatibility of the law and to remedy them in favor of mothers with lower levels of education
In-Vitro MPI-Guided IVOCT Catheter Tracking in Real Time for Motion Artifact Compensation
Purpose: Using 4D magnetic particle imaging (MPI), intravascular optical
coherence tomography (IVOCT) catheters are tracked in real time in order to
compensate for image artifacts related to relative motion. Our approach
demonstrates the feasibility for bimodal IVOCT and MPI in-vitro experiments.
Material and Methods: During IVOCT imaging of a stenosis phantom the catheter
is tracked using MPI. A 4D trajectory of the catheter tip is determined from
the MPI data using center of mass sub-voxel strategies. A custom built IVOCT
imaging adapter is used to perform different catheter motion profiles: no
motion artifacts, motion artifacts due to catheter bending, and heart beat
motion artifacts. Two IVOCT volume reconstruction methods are compared
qualitatively and quantitatively using the DICE metric and the known stenosis
length. Results: The MPI-tracked trajectory of the IVOCT catheter is validated
in multiple repeated measurements calculating the absolute mean error and
standard deviation. Both volume reconstruction methods are compared and
analyzed whether they are capable of compensating the motion artifacts. The
novel approach of MPI-guided catheter tracking corrects motion artifacts
leading to a DICE coefficient with a minimum of 86% in comparison to 58% for a
standard reconstruction approach. Conclusions: IVOCT catheter tracking with MPI
in real time is an auspicious method for radiation free MPI-guided IVOCT
interventions. The combination of MPI and IVOCT can help to reduce motion
artifacts due to catheter bending and heart beat for optimized IVOCT volume
reconstructions.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure
Radio Galaxy Classification with wGAN-Supported Augmentation
Novel techniques are indispensable to process the flood of data from the new
generation of radio telescopes. In particular, the classification of
astronomical sources in images is challenging. Morphological classification of
radio galaxies could be automated with deep learning models that require large
sets of labelled training data. Here, we demonstrate the use of generative
models, specifically Wasserstein GANs (wGAN), to generate artificial data for
different classes of radio galaxies. Subsequently, we augment the training data
with images from our wGAN. We find that a simple fully-connected neural network
for classification can be improved significantly by including generated images
into the training set.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures; accepted to ml.astro; v2: matches published
versio
Comorbidity and longâterm clinical outcome of laryngotracheal clefts types III and IV: Systematic analysis of new cases
Background
Long segment laryngotracheoesophageal clefts (LTECs) are very rare largeâairway malformations. Over the last 40âyears mortality rates declined substantially due to improved intensive care and surgical procedures. Nevertheless, longâterm morbidity, comorbidity, and clinical outcomes have rarely been assessed systematically.
Methods
In this retrospective case series, the clinical presentation, comorbidities, treatment, and clinical outcomes of all children with longâsegment LTEC that were seen at our department in the last 15âyears were collected and analyzed systematically.
Results
Nine children were diagnosed with long segment LTEC (four children with LTEC type III and five patients with LTEC type IV). All children had additional tracheobronchial, gastrointestinal, or cardiac malformations. Tracheostomy for longâtime ventilation and jejunostomy for adequate nutrition was necessary in all cases. During followâup one child died from multiorgan failure due to sepsis at the age of 43âdays. The clinical course of the other eight children (median followâup time 5.2âyears) was stable. Relapses of the cleft, recurrent aspirations, and respiratory tract infections led to repeated hospital admissions.
Conclusions
Longâsegment LTECs are consistently associated with additional malformations, which substantially influence longâterm morbidity. For optimal management, a multidisciplinary approach is essential