1,173 research outputs found
Cumulative and Differential Effects of Early Child Care and Middle Childhood Out-of-School Time on Adolescent Functioning.
Effects associated with early child care and out-of-school time (OST) during middle childhood were examined in a large sample of U.S. adolescents (N = 958). Both higher quality early child care AND more epochs of organized activities (afterschool programs and extracurricular activities) during middle childhood were linked to higher academic achievement at age 15. Differential associations were found in the behavioral domain. Higher quality early child care was associated with fewer externalizing problems, whereas more hours of early child care was linked to greater impulsivity. More epochs of organized activities was associated with greater social confidence. Relations between early child care and adolescent outcomes were not mediated or moderated by OST arrangements in middle childhood, consistent with independent, additive relations of these nonfamilial settings
Top A_FB at the Tevatron vs. charge asymmetry at the LHC in chiral U(1) flavor models with flavored Higgs doublets
We consider the top forward-backward (FB) asymmetry at the Tevatron and top
charge asymmetry at the LHC within chiral U(1)^\prime models with
flavor-dependent U(1)^\prime charges and flavored Higgs fields, which were
introduced in the ref. [65]. The models could enhance not only the top
forward-backward asymmetry at Tevatron, but also the top charge asymmetry at
LHC, without too large same-sign top pair production rates. We identify
parameter spaces for the U(1)^\prime gauge boson and (pseudo)scalar Higgs
bosons where all the experimental data could be accommodated, including the
case with about 125 GeV Higgs boson, as suggested recently by ATLAS and CMS.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, figures and discussion adde
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Development of a method utilizing drum headspace VOC concentration as a waste characterization tool
Pretest waste characterization for the bin-scale tests at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) required sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOCS) from within transuranic (TRU) waste drums. Although the bin-scale tests have been postponed, the development and demonstration of accurate waste characterization methods continues. The objectives of extensive sampling of waste drums are to obtain a representative sample from each layer of confinement to identify volatile and gaseous constituents, verify process knowledge of the drum contents, and demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements. A method to estimate the VOC concentration between layers of confinement from a single headspace sample collected beneath the drum filter of a vented waste drum is investigated. This method of characterizing the void space within a drum could eventually lead to a significant reduction in sampling time and cost. A model based on fundamental principles of transport phenomena is developed to estimate the VOC concentration throughout a waste drum based on the knowledge of the transport properties and the measured drum headspace VOC concentration. Model and experimental results are compared
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Design of MARQUIS2: study protocol for a mentored implementation study of an evidence-based toolkit to improve patient safety through medication reconciliation.
BackgroundThe first Multi-center Medication Reconciliation Quality Improvement Study (MARQUIS1) demonstrated that implementation of a medication reconciliation best practices toolkit decreased total unintentional medication discrepancies in five hospitals. We sought to implement the MARQUIS toolkit in more diverse hospitals, incorporating lessons learned from MARQUIS1.MethodsMARQUIS2 is a pragmatic, mentored implementation QI study which collected clinical and implementation outcomes. Sites implemented a revised toolkit, which included interventions from these domains: 1) best possible medication history (BPMH)-taking; 2) discharge medication reconciliation and patient/caregiver counseling; 3) identifying and defining clinician roles and responsibilities; 4) risk stratification; 5) health information technology improvements; 6) improved access to medication sources; 7) identification and correction of real-time discrepancies; and, 8) stakeholder engagement. Eight hospitalists mentored the sites via one site visit and monthly phone calls over the 18-month intervention period. Each site's local QI team assessed opportunities to improve, implemented at least one of the 17 toolkit components, and accessed a variety of resources (e.g. implementation manual, webinars, and workshops). Outcomes to be assessed will include unintentional medication discrepancies per patient.DiscussionA mentored multi-center medication reconciliation QI initiative using a best practices toolkit was successfully implemented across 18 medical centers. The 18 participating sites varied in size, teaching status, location, and electronic health record (EHR) platform. We introduce barriers to implementation and lessons learned from MARQUIS1, such as the importance of utilizing dedicated, trained medication history takers, simple EHR solutions, clarifying roles and responsibilities, and the input of patients and families when improving medication reconciliation
A large genome-wide association study of age-related macular degeneration highlights contributions of rare and common variants
Advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly with limited therapeutic options. Here, we report on a study of \u3e12 million variants including 163,714 directly genotyped, most rare, protein-altering variant. Analyzing 16,144 patients and 17,832 controls, we identify 52 independently associated common and rare variants (P \u3c 5×10–8) distributed across 34 loci. While wet and dry AMD subtypes exhibit predominantly shared genetics, we identify the first signal specific to wet AMD, near MMP9 (difference-P = 4.1×10–10). Very rare coding variants (frequency \u3c 0.1%) in CFH, CFI, and TIMP3 suggest causal roles for these genes, as does a splice variant in SLC16A8. Our results support the hypothesis that rare coding variants can pinpoint causal genes within known genetic loci and illustrate that applying the approach systematically to detect new loci requires extremely large sample sizes
Scalar-mediated forward-backward asymmetry
A large forward-backward asymmetry in production, for large
invariant mass of the system, has been recently observed by the CDF
collaboration. Among the scalar mediated mechanisms that can explain such a
large asymmetry, only the t-channel exchange of a color-singlet weak-doublet
scalar is consistent with both differential and integrated cross
section measurements. Constraints from flavor changing processes dictate a very
specific structure for the Yukawa couplings of such a new scalar. No sizable
deviation in the differential or integrated production cross section
is expected at the LHC.Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure and 2 tables. v2: Corrected Eqs.(50,51,74),
adapted Fig.1, Tab.1 and relevant discussions. Extended discussion of top
decay and single to
Color & Weak triplet scalars, the dimuon asymmetry in decay, the top forward-backward asymmetry, and the CDF dijet excess
The new physics required to explain the anomalies recently reported by the D0
and CDF collaborations, namely the top forward-backward asymmetry (FBA), the
like-sign dimuon charge asymmetry in semileptonic b decay, and the CDF dijet
excess, has to feature an amount of flavor symmetry in order to satisfy the
severe constrains arising from flavor violation. In this paper we show that,
once baryon number conservation is imposed, color & weak triplet scalars with
hypercharge can feature the required flavor structure as a consequence
of standard model gauge invariance. The color & weak triplet model can
simultaneously explain the top FBA and the dimuon charge asymmetry or the
dimuon charge asymmetry and the CDF dijet excess. However, the CDF dijet excess
appears to be incompatible with the top FBA in the minimal framework. Our model
for the dimuon asymmetry predicts the observed pattern in the
region of parameter space required to explain the top FBA, whereas our model
for the CDF dijet anomaly is characterized by the absence of beyond the SM
b-quark jets in the excess region. Compatibility of the color & weak triplet
with the electroweak constraints is also discussed. We show that a Higgs boson
mass exceeding the LEP bound is typically favored in this scenario, and that
both Higgs production and decay can be significantly altered by the triplet.
The most promising collider signature is found if the splitting among the
components of the triplet is of weak scale magnitude.Comment: references added, published versio
Understanding and addressing mathematics anxiety using perspectives from education, psychology and neuroscience
Mathematics anxiety is a significant barrier to mathematical learning. In this article, we propose that state or on-task mathematics anxiety impacts on performance, while trait mathematics anxiety leads to the avoidance of courses and careers involving mathematics. We also demonstrate that integrating perspectives from education, psychology and neuroscience contributes to a greater understanding of mathematics anxiety in its state and trait forms. Research from cognitive psychology and neuroscience illustrates the effect of state mathematics anxiety on performance and research from cognitive, social and clinical psychology, and education can be used to conceptualise the origins of trait mathematics anxiety and its impact on avoidant behaviour. We also show that using this transdisciplinary framework to consider state and trait mathematics anxiety separately makes it possible to identify strategies to reduce the negative effects of mathematics anxiety. Implementation of these strategies among particularly vulnerable groups, such as pre-service teachers, could be beneficial
Chiral U(1) flavor models and flavored Higgs doublets: the top FB asymmetry and the Wjj
We present U(1) flavor models for leptophobic Z' with flavor dependent
couplings to the right-handed up-type quarks in the Standard Model, which can
accommodate the recent data on the top forward-backward (FB) asymmetry and the
dijet resonance associated with a W boson reported by CDF Collaboration. Such
flavor-dependent leptophobic charge assignments generally require extra chiral
fermions for anomaly cancellation. Also the chiral nature of U(1)' flavor
symmetry calls for new U(1)'-charged Higgs doublets in order for the SM
fermions to have realistic renormalizable Yukawa couplings. The stringent
constraints from the top FB asymmetry at the Tevatron and the same sign top
pair production at the LHC can be evaded due to contributions of the extra
Higgs doublets. We also show that the extension could realize cold dark matter
candidates.Comment: 40 pages, 10 figures, added 1 figure and extended discussion,
accepted for publication in JHE
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