The Role of Workload, Social Support, and Psychosocial Training as Predictors of Burnout in University Students

Academic burnout is prevalent among university students. Many studies have shown the importance of interpersonal (e.g. social support) and external (e.g. workload) factors in determining the causes of burnout. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of workload, social support, psychosocial training, and gender on burnout among university students and the degree to which these factors can predict burnout levels. Replicating other studies, measures of workload (objective and subjective), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), and previous psychosocial training were related to burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) among 150 undergraduate students. Consistent with existing literature, high levels of burnout were associated with high levels of both objective and subjective workload, with subjective workload having a greater impact. Lower levels of burnout were associated with higher levels of social support. Previous psychosocial training was not associated with the levels of burnout. Social support from teachers was found to be to most influential variable within this study. This unique finding can contribute to the limited existing body of knowledge on academic burnout, as well as bring awareness to university administrators and faculty regarding the important role that teachers play in the academic success of their students

Detection of delirium by family members in the intensive care unit: Translation, Cross-Cultural adaptation and validation of the Family Confusion Assessment Method for the German-Speaking area

Aim: The aim of this study was the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Family Confusion Assessment Method in critically ill patients. Background: Delirium is a frequently unrecognized disorder in critically ill patients. Visiting family members might be the first to notice subtle changes in a patient's cognition and behaviour. The Family Confusion Assessment Method was developed to detect delirium by family members, but has not been available for the German-speaking area yet. Design: A prospective validation study was conducted between January 2020 and October 2020. Methods: The Family Confusion Assessment Method was translated into German according to the Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes. Subsequently, we compared the Family Confusion Assessment Method with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit in critically ill patients and their family members in a medical intensive care unit in Germany. Results: We included 50 dyads of critically ill patients and their family members. The prevalence of delirium measured by Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit was 44%. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.84. The German Family Confusion Assessment Method had a high sensitivity of 95.5% and specificity of 89.3%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 87.5% and 96.2% respectively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the German Family Confusion Assessment Method is an accurate assessment tool for delirium detection in the intensive care unit by family members. Furthermore, the results indicate that family members may identify delirium by the Family Confusion Assessment Method without prior training. Impact: Collaborating medical staff with patients' family members to detect delirium in the intensive care unit may lead to early recognition of delirium. Keywords: Family Confusion Assessment Method; delirium; family members; intensive care unit; nurses; validation study

Brønsted Acid Catalysis—Structural Preferences and Mobility in Imine/Phosphoric Acid Complexes

Despite the huge success of enantioselective Bronsted acid catalysis, experimental data about structures and activation modes of substrate/catalyst complexes in solution are very rare. Here, for the first time, detailed insights into the structures of imine/Bronsted acid catalyst complexes are presented on the basis of NMR data and underpinned by theoretical calculations. The chiral Bronsted acid catalyst R-TRIP (3,3'-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogen phosphate) was investigated together with six aromatic imines. For each investigated system, an E-imine/R-TRIP complex and a Z-imine/R-TRIP complex were observed. Each of these complexes consists of two structures, which are in fast exchange on the NMR time scale; i.e., overall four structures were found. Both identified E-imine/R-TRIP structures feature a strong hydrogen bond but differ in the orientation of the imine relative to the catalyst. The exchange occurs by tilting the imine inside the complex and thereby switching the oxygen that constitutes the hydrogen bond. A similar situation is observed for all investigated Z-imine/R-TRIP complexes. Here, an additional exchange pathway is opened via rotation of the imine. For all investigated imine/R-TRIP complexes, the four core structures are highly preserved. Thus, these core structures are independent of electron density and substituent modulations of the aromatic imines. Overall, this study reveals that the absolute structural space of binary imine/TRIP complexes is large and the variations of the four core structures are small. The high mobility is supposed to promote reactivity, while the preservation of the core structures in conjunction with extensive pi-pi and CH-pi interactions leads to high enantioselectivities and tolerance of different substrates

Автоматизация доставки, установки и обновления лицензированного программного обеспечения на базе веб-сервиса UTS Marketplace

Работа посвящена проектированию и разработке информационной системы для автоматизации процессов лицензирования и доставки программного обеспечения на устройства клиентов, его своевременного обновления и контроля за его исполнением. Разрабатываемая информационная система состоит из web-сервисов, интегрируемых с сервисом цифрового распространения программного обеспечения UTS Marketplace и кроссплатформенного desktop-клиента UTS Launcher. Результаты работы позволят в значительной мере автоматизировать бизнес-процессы компании ООО "Универсальные терминал системы".The work is devoted to the design and development of an information system for automating licensing and software delivery processes to customer devices, its timely updating and monitoring of its execution. The developed information system consists of web services that are integrated with the UTS Marketplace software digital distribution service and the UTS Launcher cross-platform desktop client. The results of the work will significantly automate the business processes of the company Universal Terminal Systems LLC

Cryopreservation of human embryos by vitrification

Vitrification is a cryopreservation strategy where cells are converted into a glass-like amorphous solid which is free of any crystalline structure. Such process is achieved by a combination of high concentration of cryoprotectant and an extremely high cooling rate. In the last years, survival rates of up to 80% after thawing and pregnancy rates of almost 30% could be achieved after transfer of vitrified embryos at the zygote, cleavage, morula and blastocyst stages. Also deliveries of healthy babies have been reported numerous times. To this day, a limited interest in this technique can be noted. The explanation may lye in the apprehension of many ART units regarding exposure of embryos to high concentrations of cryoprotectants and storage in non sterile conditions. The aim of the first part of this article, is to analyse if such fears are justified on the basis that vitrification mimics conditions already in use for many years in slow-cooling procedures where cells are plunged into liquid nitrogen at around -30 degrees C and secondly since storage of embryos are now possible in high aseptic conditions. In the second part, results on survival after thawing, pregnancy rates and baby take home rates of vitrified embryos will be presented and the problems associated with vitrification of blastocysts will be discussed

Dual-functionalized PAMAM dendrimers with improved P-glycoprotein inhibition and tight junction modulating effect

10.1021/bm401057cBiomacromolecules14124226-4235BOMA