Power comparison between the four exact testing procedures for N = 20, 30, 50, 80, and 100 from row 1 to row 5, respectively.

<p>Power comparison between the four exact testing procedures for N = 20, 30, 50, 80, and 100 from row 1 to row 5, respectively.</p

Type I rate error plots for the asymptotic, C, M, C+M, and E+M approach with N = 30.

<p>Type I rate error plots for the asymptotic, C, M, C+M, and E+M approach with N = 30.</p

P-values for the example assessing cervical spine stiffness.

<p>P-values for the example assessing cervical spine stiffness.</p

contingency table for the agreement test.

<p> contingency table for the agreement test.</p

Strength of agreement using the kappa coefficient.

<p>Strength of agreement using the kappa coefficient.</p

Actual type I error rates at .

<p>Actual type I error rates at .</p

Blunting of Colon Contractions in Diabetics with Gastroparesis Quantified by Wireless Motility Capsule Methods

<div><p>Generalized gut transit abnormalities are observed in some diabetics with gastroparesis. Relations of gastric emptying abnormalities to colon contractile dysfunction are poorly characterized. We measured colon transit and contractility using wireless motility capsules (WMC) in 41 healthy subjects, 12 diabetics with gastroparesis (defined by gastric retention >5 hours), and 8 diabetics with normal gastric emptying (≤5 hours). Overall numbers of colon contractions >25 mmHg were calculated in all subjects and were correlated with gastric emptying times for diabetics with gastroparesis. Colon transit periods were divided into quartiles by time and contraction numbers were calculated for each quartile to estimate regional colon contractility. Colon transit in diabetics with gastroparesis was prolonged vs. healthy subjects (P<0.0001). Overall numbers of colon contractions in gastroparetics were lower than controls (P = 0.02). Diabetics with normal emptying showed transit and contraction numbers similar to controls. Gastric emptying inversely correlated with overall contraction numbers in gastroparetics (r = -0.49). Numbers of contractions increased from the 1^st to 4^th colon transit quartile in controls and diabetics with normal emptying (P≤0.04), but not gastroparetics. Numbers of contractions in the 3^rd and 4^th quartiles were reduced in gastroparetics vs. healthy controls (P≤0.05) and in the 4^th quartile vs. diabetics with normal emptying (P = 0.02). Numbers of contractions were greatest in the final 15 minutes of transit, but were reduced in gastroparetics vs. healthy controls and diabetics with normal emptying (P≤0.005). On multivariate analyses, differences in numbers of contractions were not explained by demographic or clinical variables. In conclusion, diabetics with gastroparesis exhibit delayed colon transit associated with reductions in contractions that are prominently blunted in latter transit phases and which correlate with delayed gastric emptying, while diabetics with normal emptying show no significant colonic impairments. These findings emphasize diabetic gastroparesis may be part of a generalized dysmotility syndrome.</p></div

Subject Characteristics for Each of the Three Groups.

<p>Subject Characteristics for Each of the Three Groups.</p

Correlation of Colon Contraction Numbers with Gastric Emptying.

<p>The correlation of overall numbers of colon contractions with gastric emptying times is plotted for diabetics with gastroparesis. There was a moderately good inverse correlation (r value -0.49) with patients with the most severe emptying delays exhibiting lower numbers of contractions.</p

Numbers of Colon Contractions.

<p>Overall numbers of colon contractions are plotted for the three groups. Diabetics with gastroparesis showed reductions in overall numbers of contractions compared to healthy subjects (P = 0.02). Overall contractions in diabetics with normal gastric emptying were not different than in diabetic patients with gastroparesis or in healthy controls (P = NS).</p