4,769 research outputs found
Religion and the Cell-Only Population
Compares the religious affiliations, church attendance, and religious salience of the cell phone-only, landline, and combined cell/landline samples, and explores the extent to which the differences are due to the relative youth of the cell-only group
A Generalized Argmax Theorem with Applications
The argmax theorem is a useful result for deriving the limiting distribution
of estimators in many applications. The conclusion of the argmax theorem states
that the argmax of a sequence of stochastic processes converges in distribution
to the argmax of a limiting stochastic process. This paper generalizes the
argmax theorem to allow the maximization to take place over a sequence of
subsets of the domain. If the sequence of subsets converges to a limiting
subset, then the conclusion of the argmax theorem continues to hold. We
demonstrate the usefulness of this generalization in three applications:
estimating a structural break, estimating a parameter on the boundary of the
parameter space, and estimating a weakly identified parameter. The generalized
argmax theorem simplifies the proofs for existing results and can be used to
prove new results in these literatures
The effect of different post-exercise beverages with food on ad libitum fluid recovery, nutrient provision, and subsequent athletic performance
This study investigated the effect of consuming either water or a carbohydrate (CHO)-electrolyte sports beverage (‘Sports Drink’) ad libitum with food during a 4 h post-exercise recovery period on fluid restoration, nutrient provision and subsequent endurance cycling performance. On two occasions, 16 endurance-trained cyclists; 8 male [M] (age: 31 ± 9 y; VO2max: 54 ± 6 mL·kg−1·min−1) and 8 female [F] (age: 33 ± 8 y; VO2max: 50 ± 7 mL·kg−1·min−1); lost 2.3 ± 0.3% and 1.6 ± 0.3% of their body mass (BM), respectively during 1 h of fixed-intensity cycling. Participants then had ad libitum access to either Water or Sports Drink and food for the first 195 min of a 4 h recovery period. At the conclusion of the recovery period, participants completed a cycling performance test consisting of a 45 min fixed-intensity pre-load and an incremental test to volitional exhaustion (peak power output, PPO). Beverage intake; total water/nutrient intake; and indicators of fluid recovery (BM, urine output, plasma osmolality [POSM]) were assessed periodically throughout trials. Participants returned to a similar state of net positive fluid balance prior to recommencing exercise, regardless of the beverage provided (Water: +0.4 ± 0.5 L; Sports Drink: +0.3 ± 0.3 L, p = 0.529). While Sports Drink increased post-exercise energy (M: +1.8 ± 1.0 MJ; F: +1.3 ± 0.5 MJ) and CHO (M: +114 ± 31 g; F: +84 ± 25 g) intake (i.e. total from food and beverage) (p's < 0.001), this did not improve subsequent endurance cycling performance (Water: 337 ± 40 W [M] and 252 ± 50 W [F]; Sports Drink: 340 ± 40 W [M] and 258 ± 47 W [F], p = 0.242). Recovery beverage recommendations should consider the post-exercise environment (i.e. the availability of food), an individual's tolerance for food and fluid pre−/post-exercise, the immediate requirements for refuelling (i.e. CHO demands of the activity) and the athlete's overall dietary goals.Full Tex
Sodium Intake Beliefs, Information Sources, and Intended Practices of Endurance Athletes Before and During Exercise
A Dynamic Approach to Recognition Memory
Thesis (Ph.D.) - Indiana University,Psychological and Brain Sciences/Cognitive Science, 2015We argue that taking a dynamic approach to the understanding of memory will lead to
advances that are not possible via other routes. To that end, we present a model of
recognition memory that specifies how memory retrieval and recognition decisions jointly
evolve over time and show that it is able to jointly predict accuracy, response time, and
speed-accuracy trade-off functions. The model affords insights into the effects of study
time, list length, and instructions. The model leads to a novel qualitative and quantitative
test of the source of word frequency effects in recognition, showing that the relatively high
distinctiveness of the features of low frequency words provide the best account. We also
show how the dynamic model can be extended to account for paradigms like associative
recognition and list discrimination, leading to another novel test of the presence of
recall-like processes. Associative recognition, list discrimination, recognition of similar
foils, and source exclusion are all better explained by the formation of a compound cue
rather than recall, although source memory is found to be better modeled by a recall
process
Understanding Consumer Responses to Product Risk Information
Two experiments examine how message framing moderates consumer responses to product risk information. The findings suggest that contrary to an influential theory, consumers exposed to loss-framed messages exhibit a general aversion to product risk involving both short-term adverse effects and more permanent harm. In contrast, consumers exposed to gain-framed messages differentiate among different types of product risk. They essentially ignore temporary product risks but give considerable decisional weight to risks of permanent harm. This article discusses the implications of these findings for those who design and regulate promotional messages that contain product risk disclosures
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