Bis(perchlorato-κO)tetra­kis[1-(2-pyridyl)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl-κN)piperazine]cadmium(II)

In the title compound, [Cd(ClO4)2(C15H18N4)4], the CdII ion is coordinated in a slightly distorted octa­hedral environment by two trans monodentate perchlorate ligands and four 1-(2-pyrid­yl)-4-(4-pyridylmeth­yl)piperazine (pmpp) ligands. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are organized into layers parallel to the ab plane by C—H⋯O inter­actions. Similar inter­actions promote the stacking of these layers into the three-dimensional crystal structure

4-(4-Pyridylamino)pyridinium perchlorate

In the title salt, C10H10N3 +·ClO4 −, the 4-(4-pyridylamino)­pyridinium cations are linked into chains via N—H⋯N hydrogen bonding and into layers by C—H⋯π inter­actions [C⋯Cg = 3.3875 (19) Å]. Perchlorate ions are anchored to the layer motifs by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. The perchlorate anion was found to be disordered about a Cl—O axis, with two sites, each of equal occupancy, being resolved for the three remaining O atoms

Poly[4,4′-imino­dipyridinium [tetra-μ3-oxido-tetra­oxido-di-μ4-phosphato-κ4 O:O′:O′′:O′′′-tetra­vanadium(V)]]

In the title salt, {(C10H11N3)[V4O8(PO4)2]}n, cubane-like [V4O8]4+ clusters are connected by phosphate anions into anionic [V4P2O16]n 2n− layers. These aggregate into the three-dimensional structure via N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding mechanisms imparted by 4,4′-imino­dipyridinium dications situated between the layers

1,4-Bis(4-pyridylmeth­yl)piperazin-1-ium perchlorate fumaric acid hemisolvate

In the title salt, C16H21N4 +·ClO4 −·0.5C4H4O4, fumaric acid mol­ecules, situated across crystallographic inversion centres, are O—H⋯N hydrogen bonded to two protonated 1,4-bis­(4-pyridylmeth­yl)piperazine cations, forming trimolecular units. These construct one-dimensional supra­molecular ribbons by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonding, and further aggregate via π–π inter­actions [shortest C⋯C contact = 3.640 (1) Å] and perchlorate-mediated C—H⋯O inter­actions

catena-Poly[[[(dimethyl­malonato-κ2 O:O′)(perchlorato-κO)copper(II)]-μ-bis­(3-pyridylmeth­yl)piperazinediium-κ2 N 1′:N 4′] perchlorate dihydrate]

In the title compound, {[Cu(C5H6O4)(ClO4)(C16H22N4)]ClO4·2H2O}n, square-pyramidally coordinated Cu atoms with perchlorate and dimethyl­malonate ligands are connected into cationic sinusoidal coordination polymer chains by doubly protonated bis­(3-pyridylmeth­yl)piperazine (3-bpmp) ligands. The chains aggregate into pseudo-layers parallel to the (101) crystal planes by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. Unligated perchlorate anions and water mol­ecules of crystallization provide additional hydrogen bonding between pseudo-layers

Bis(dimethyl­malonato-κ2 O,O′)bis­[4-(4-pyridylamino-κN 4)pyridinium]nickel(II) hexa­hydrate

In the title compound, [Ni(C5H6O4)2(C10H10N3)2]·6H2O, divalent nickel ions situated on the crystallographic twofold axis are octa­hedrally coordinated by four O atoms from two dimethyl­malonate ligands in a 1,3-chelating mode and two N atoms from two protonated monodentate 4,4′-dipyridylamine mol­ecules. The mol­ecules link into chains via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding mediated by protonated pyridyl groups. The chains form layer patterns via π–π stacking [centroid–centroid distance = 3.777 (2) Å] . Water mol­ecule hexa­mers are generated from the unligated water mol­ecules (three per asymmetric unit) by inversion centers at Wyckoff position d. These clusters are situated between the pseudolayers, providing hydrogen-bonding pathways that build up the three-dimensional structure

Poly[[diaqua­bis(μ3-maleato-κ4 O 1:O 1′,O 4:O4′)dicopper(II)] trihydrate]

In the title compound, {[Cu2(C4H2O4)2(H2O)2]·3H2O}n, CuII ions with square-pyramidal coordination are bridged by exo­tri­dentate maleate dianions into [Cu2(maleate)2(H2O)2]n layers coincident with the bc crystal plane. The inter­lamellar regions contain hydrogen-bonded cyclic water hexa­mers which facilitate layer stacking into a pseudo-three-dimensional crystal structure. The water hexamers themselves are formed by the operation of crystallographic inversion centers on sets of three crystallographically distinct water molecules of hydration

Clustering of Alpers disease mutations and catalytic defects in biochemical variants reveal new features of molecular mechanism of hte human mitochondrial replicase, Pol gamma

Peer reviewe

Evaluation of the applicability of existing nuclear power plant regulatory requirements in the U.S. to advanced small modular reactors.

The current wave of small modular reactor (SMR) designs all have the goal of reducing the cost of management and operations. By optimizing the system, the goal is to make these power plants safer, cheaper to operate and maintain, and more secure. In particular, the reduction in plant staffing can result in significant cost savings. The introduction of advanced reactor designs and increased use of advanced automation technologies in existing nuclear power plants will likely change the roles, responsibilities, composition, and size of the crews required to control plant operations. Similarly, certain security staffing requirements for traditional operational nuclear power plants may not be appropriate or necessary for SMRs due to the simpler, safer and more automated design characteristics of SMRs. As a first step in a process to identify where regulatory requirements may be met with reduced staffing and therefore lower cost, this report identifies the regulatory requirements and associated guidance utilized in the licensing of existing reactors. The potential applicability of these regulations to advanced SMR designs is identified taking into account the unique features of these types of reactors

The Inducible lac Operator-Repressor System Is Functional in Zebrafish Cells

BackgroundZebrafish are a foundational model organism for studying the spatio-temporal activity of genes and their regulatory sequences. A variety of approaches are currently available for editing genes and modifying gene expression in zebrafish, including RNAi, Cre/lox, and CRISPR-Cas9. However, the lac operator-repressor system, an E. coli lac operon component which has been adapted for use in many other species and is a valuable, flexible tool for inducible modulation of gene expression studies, has not been previously tested in zebrafish.ResultsHere we demonstrate that the lac operator-repressor system robustly decreases expression of firefly luciferase in cultured zebrafish fibroblast cells. Our work establishes the lac operator-repressor system as a promising tool for the manipulation of gene expression in whole zebrafish.ConclusionOur results lay the groundwork for the development of lac-based reporter assays in zebrafish, and adds to the tools available for investigating dynamic gene expression in embryogenesis. We believe this work will catalyze the development of new reporter assay systems to investigate uncharacterized regulatory elements and their cell-type specific activities