Densidade do solo de um Nitrossolo sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar utilzando analises geoestatística e bayesiana.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial da densidade do solo sob cana-de-açúcar, através da geoestatística e da análise bayesiana. Foi determinada a densidade do solo (g cm-3) em uma área de 17,8ha em Mogi Mirim, SP, nas profundidades de 0,15m e de 0,30m, em 90 pontos de amostragem. O padrão espacial foi encontrado tanto na profundidade de 0,15m quanto 0,3m. Os valores de densidade foram considerados altos e maior na maior profundidade. Tanto pelo método de análise geoestatística, quanto bayesiano houve padrão espacial com ligeiro aumento na escala de valores dos mapas de densidade para análise bayesiana

Managing Water under Uncertainty and Risk: The United Nations World Water Development Report 4

This report introduces new aspects of water issues: 1) it reintroduces the 12 challenge area reports that provided the foundation for the first two World Water Development Reports (WWDR); 2) 4 new reports on water quality, groundwater, gender, and desertification, land degradation and drought; 3) in recognition that the global challenges of water can vary considerably across countries and regions, a series of 5 regional reports have been included; 4) a deeper analysis of the main external forces of freshwater resources and possibilities for their future evolution; 5) managing water under uncertainty and risk

Far-Infrared Emission From E and E/S0 Galaxies

Studies of cold material through IRAS 60um and 100um observations indicated that half of ordinary E and E/S0 galaxies were detected above the 3 sigma level, indicating that cold gas is common, although no correlation was found between the optical and far- infrared fluxes. Most detections were near the instrumental threshold, and given an improved understanding of detection confidence, we reconsider the 60um and 100um detection rate. After excluding active galactic nuclei, peculiar systems, and background contamination, only 15 non-peculiar E and E/S0 galaxies from the RSA catalog are detected above the 98% confidence level, about 12% of the sample. An unusually high percentage of these 15 galaxies possess cold gas (HI, CO) and optical emission lines (Halpha), supporting the presence of gas cooler than 10E4 K. The 60um to 100um flux ratios imply a median dust temperature for the sample of 30 K, with a range of 23-38 K. These detections define the upper envelope of the optical to far-infrared relationship, F_fir propto F_B^0.24+/-0.08, showing that optically bright objects are also brighter in the infrared, although with considerable dispersion. A luminosity correlation is present with L_fir propto L_B^1.65+/-0.28, but the dust temperature is uncorrelated with luminosity. Models that contain large dust grains composed of amorphous carbon plus silicates come close to reproducing the typical 60um to 100um flux ratios, the far-infrared luminosity, and the L_fir - L_B relationship.Comment: 10 postscript pages, 2 tables, and 2 figure

Variabilidade espacial de propriedades químicas do solo para fins de adubação e calagem localizada em área com cultivo de grãos.

A adequada identificação da variabilidade espacial das propriedades químicas do solo permite o manejo localizado com economia de insumos e aumento da capacidade produtiva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a variabilidade espacial de propriedades químicas do solo Latossolo Vermelho Escuro distrófico, no município de São José do Rio Claro, Mato Grosso, para fins de aplicação localizada de insumos em culturas de grãos. Uma amostragem de 240 pontos georreferenciados dispostos em gride regular, distanciados de 220 m na direção x e 109 m na direção y, foi realizada para análise química e granulométrica do solo de 0-02m de profundidade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de estatística e geoestatística. Houve dependência espacial das propriedades químicas e granulométricas do solo com grandes variações dos macronutrientes, pH e saturação por base ao longo da área amostrada. A espacialização por krigagem mostrou diferentes características químicas e granulométricas do solo ao longo da área, onde a soma de bases, capacidade de troca de cátions e saturação por bases se apresentaram maiores numa pequena porção da direção norte da área. A parte central e ao sul da área amostrada apresentou baixos teores de nutrientes do solo e, portanto, é a área que necessita de melhor correção da acidez e aumento da saturação por bases.(Acompanha um CD-ConBAP 2008

Scleral fixation of a single-piece foldable acrylic IOL through a 1.80 mm corneal incision

A new scleral fixation technique of a single-piece acrylic foldable intraocular lens (IOL) (enVista MX60, Bausch & Lomb, Inc.) through a 1.80 mm corneal incision, using the IOL eyelets as anchoring point, is described. It was a retrospective review of 26 cases. The preoperative mean corrected distance visual acuity was 0.51 \ub1 0.21 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). It improved significantly to 0.25 \ub1 0.27 logMAR (P < .01), 0.18 \ub1 0.16 logMAR (P < .01), and 0.17 \ub1 0.16 logMAR (P < .01) (at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively, respectively, repeated measures analysis of variance, P < .0001). No astigmatism increase of more than 0.75 diopters was recorded at any time point. In all 26 patients, the IOL was well centered and stable for the entire monitoring period. No complications were observed during follow-up. Scleral fixation of the foldable IOL through a 1.80 mm corneal incision provided excellent IOL stability during the 6-month follow-up of this study and might be an effective and safe surgical technique

Imaging the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect

We report on results of interferometric imaging of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (SZE) with the OVRO and BIMA mm-arrays. Using low-noise cm-wave receivers on the arrays, we have obtained high quality images for 27 distant galaxy clusters. We review the use of the SZE as a cosmological tool. Gas mass fractions derived from the SZE data are given for 18 of the clusters, as well as the implied constraint on the matter density of the universe, $\Omega_M$. We find $\Omega_M h_{100} \le 0.22 ^{+0.05}_{-0.03}$. A best guess for the matter density obtained by assuming a reasonable value for the Hubble constant and also by attempting to account for the baryons contained in the galaxies as well as those lost during the cluster formation process gives $\Omega_M \sim 0.25$. We also give preliminary results for the Hubble constant. Lastly, the power for investigating the high redshift universe with a non-targeted high sensitivity SZE survey is discussed and an interferometric survey is proposed.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, latex, contribution to Nobel Symposium "Particle Physics and the Universe" to appear in Physica Scripta and World Scientific, eds L. Bergstrom, P. Carlson and C. Fransso

Type IV Thoraco-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (TAAA IV) with Occlusion of Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Arteries in a High Risk Patient: Successful Treatment with a Hybrid Traditional Vascular and Endovascular Procedure

Abstract We describe a novel hybrid open and endovascular repair for a dumbbell shaped lower thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a high risk patient, with celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery occlusions. We used a two-staged approach consisting of an open infrarenal AAA repair with a by-pass to superior mesenteric artery and reimplantation of inferior mesenteric artery. This was followed by an antegrade insertion of a thoracic endograft via a PFTE graft on the thoracic aorta to allow precise deployment of the stent graft above the renal arteries