Integration of Light and Temperature in the Regulation of Circadian Gene Expression in Drosophila

Circadian clocks are aligned to the environment via synchronizing signals, or Zeitgebers, such as daily light and temperature cycles, food availability, and social behavior. In this study, we found that genome-wide expression profiles from temperature-entrained flies show a dramatic difference in the presence or absence of a thermocycle. Whereas transcript levels appear to be modified broadly by changes in temperature, there is a specific set of temperature-entrained circadian mRNA profiles that continue to oscillate in constant conditions. There are marked differences in the biological functions represented by temperature-driven or circadian regulation. The set of temperature-entrained circadian transcripts overlaps significantly with a previously defined set of transcripts oscillating in response to a photocycle. In follow-up studies, all thermocycle-entrained circadian transcript rhythms also responded to light/dark entrainment, whereas some photocycle-entrained rhythms did not respond to temperature entrainment. Transcripts encoding the clock components Period, Timeless, Clock, Vrille, PAR-domain protein 1, and Cryptochrome were all confirmed to be rhythmic after entrainment to a daily thermocycle, although the presence of a thermocycle resulted in an unexpected phase difference between period and timeless expression rhythms at the transcript but not the protein level. Generally, transcripts that exhibit circadian rhythms both in response to thermocycles and photocycles maintained the same mutual phase relationships after entrainment by temperature or light. Comparison of the collective temperature- and light-entrained circadian phases of these transcripts indicates that natural environmental light and temperature cycles cooperatively entrain the circadian clock. This interpretation is further supported by comparative analysis of the circadian phases observed for temperature-entrained and light-entrained circadian locomotor behavior. Taken together, these findings suggest that information from both light and temperature is integrated by the transcriptional clock mechanism in the adult fly head

Limitations of variable number of tandem repeat typing identified through whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on a national and herd level

Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative bacterium of Johne’s disease in dairy cattle, is widespread in the Canadian dairy industry and has significant economic and animal welfare implications. An understanding of the population dynamics of MAP can be used to identify introduction events, improve control efforts and target transmission pathways, although this requires an adequate understanding of MAP diversity and distribution between herds and across the country. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) offers a detailed assessment of the SNP-level diversity and genetic relationship of isolates, whereas several molecular typing techniques used to investigate the molecular epidemiology of MAP, such as variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) typing, target relatively unstable repetitive elements in the genome that may be too unpredictable to draw accurate conclusions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of bovine MAP isolates in Canadian dairy herds using WGS and then determine if VNTR typing can distinguish truly related and unrelated isolates.<p></p> Results: Phylogenetic analysis based on 3,039 SNPs identified through WGS of 124 MAP isolates identified eight genetically distinct subtypes in dairy herds from seven Canadian provinces, with the dominant type including over 80% of MAP isolates. VNTR typing of 527 MAP isolates identified 12 types, including “bison type” isolates, from seven different herds. At a national level, MAP isolates differed from each other by 1–2 to 239–240 SNPs, regardless of whether they belonged to the same or different VNTR types. A herd-level analysis of MAP isolates demonstrated that VNTR typing may both over-estimate and under-estimate the relatedness of MAP isolates found within a single herd.<p></p> Conclusions: The presence of multiple MAP subtypes in Canada suggests multiple introductions into the country including what has now become one dominant type, an important finding for Johne’s disease control. VNTR typing often failed to identify closely and distantly related isolates, limiting the applicability of using this typing scheme to study the molecular epidemiology of MAP at a national and herd-level.<p></p&gt

The Iowa Homemaker vol.37, no.1

Verse, page 4 Today I’m in a Millinery Mood, Sally Mahedy, page 5 Paper-Quick Parties, Nancy Fox, page 6 “Sizzle a Steak” Hawaiian Style, Muriel Hirotsu, page 7 CD Majors on Tour, Nancy Merchant, page 8 “Daddy…?”, Greg Hawkes, page 9 “Yes, Son…?”, Dr. Glenn Hawkes, page 9 When I Grow Up, I Can Wear Real Perfume, Diane Rasmussen, page 10 Dolls are for the Young at Heart, Orma Herman, page 11 It’s Child’s Play Acting, Marilyn Jones, page 12 Crossword Puzzle, Marilyn Jones and Sandra Hammerand, page 13 A Child’s View of Iowa State, Diane Robinson, page 14 Answer to Crossword Puzzle, page 1

The Ursinus Weekly, April 17, 1969

Showboat, 2 bands spice Prom weekend to be held May 2 • Success for Campus Chest? Hope held in second week • Vandals hit Wilkinson, campus lights smashed; Emig decries vandalism • Chapter scholars named; To be feted at dinner • Temps return to Travelin\u27 II • WRUC additions • Blood results • Editorials: Weekend vandalism; Fate of PHEAA; An editorial of sorts • Focus: The Gerson brothers • The day they liberated the washroom • Wheelchair ball! • To thrive on rice • IF snagged in red tape • Rascals concert • Forum features Fox • Letters to the editor • The human comedy • Faculty portrait: Mrs. Poritz • New Weekly editors take over positions • UC Centennial year series features William F. Buckley as Commencement speaker • Meistersingers present concert in New York • Cash fires no hitter in debut • Heisinger leads trackmen to win over Mules, 90-55 • Tennis team rips Baptist after loss • Gillespie disagrees • Pancoast recalls the T, single-wing • Batsmen maul Haverford after Muhlenberg defeat • 1969 Campus Chest activities highlight charity drive weekhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1173/thumbnail.jp

New Generation of Instrumented Ranges: Enabling Automated Performance Analysis

Military training conducted on physical ranges that match a unit’s future operational environment provides an invaluable experience. Today, to conduct a training exercise while ensuring a unit’s performance is closely observed, evaluated, and reported on in an After Action Review, the unit requires a number of instructors to accompany the different elements. Training organized on ranges for urban warfighting brings an additional level of complexity—the high level of occlusion typical for these environments multiplies the number of evaluators needed. While the units have great need for such training opportunities, they may not have the necessary human resources to conduct them successfully. In this paper we report on our US Navy/ONR-sponsored project aimed at a new generation of instrumented ranges, and the early results we have achieved. We suggest a radically different concept: instead of recording multiple video streams that need to be reviewed and evaluated by a number of instructors, our system will focus on capturing dynamic individual warfighter pose data and performing automated performance evaluation. We will use an in situ network of automatically-controlled pan-tilt-zoom video cameras and personal position and orientation sensing devices. Our system will record video, reconstruct dynamic 3D individual poses, analyze, recognize events, evaluate performances, generate reports, provide real-time free exploration of recorded data, and even allow the user to generate ‘what-if’ scenarios that were never recorded. The most direct benefit for an individual unit will be the ability to conduct training with fewer human resources, while having a more quantitative account of their performance (dispersion across the terrain, ‘weapon flagging’ incidents, number of patrols conducted). The instructors will have immediate feedback on some elements of the unit’s performance. Having data sets for multiple units will enable historical trend analysis, thus providing new insights and benefits for the entire service.Office of Naval Researc

Multiwavelength Monitoring of the BL Lacertae Object PKS 2155-304 in May 1994. II. The IUE Campaign

PKS 2155-304, the brightest BL Lac object in the ultraviolet sky, was monitored with the IUE satellite at ~1 hour time-resolution for ten nearly uninterrupted days in May 1994. The campaign, which was coordinated with EUVE, ROSAT, and ASCA monitoring, along with optical and radio observations from the ground, yielded the largest set of spectra and the richest short time scale variability information ever gathered for a blazar at UV wavelengths. The source flared dramatically during the first day, with an increase by a factor ~2.2 in an hour and a half. In subsequent days, the flux maintained a nearly constant level for ~5 days, then flared with ~35% amplitude for two days. The same variability was seen in both short- and long-wavelength IUE light curves, with zero formal lag (~<2 hr), except during the rapid initial flare, when the variations were not resolved. Spectral index variations were small and not clearly correlated with flux. The flux variability observed in the present monitoring is so rapid that for the first time, based on the UV emission alone, the traditional Delta L/Delta t limit indicating relativistic beaming is exceeded. The most rapid variations, under the likely assumption of synchrotron radiation, lead to a lower limit of 1 G on the magnetic field strength in the UV emitting region. These results are compared with earlier intensive monitoring of PKS 2155-304 with IUE in November 1991, when the UV flux variations had completely different characteristics.Comment: 45 pages, Latex, 11 PostScript figures, to appear in The Astrophysical Journa

The Ursinus Weekly, May 1, 1969

Gordon to present theory of Mayans, Incas at Ursinus • Travelin\u27 II to highlight annual Scott Pierce concert • Ursinus student killed in tragic automobile mishap • U.C. plans Student Union; Students make proposals • Prom, Showboat spark weekend • Dr. Rice, group discuss various Velikovsky ideas • Editorial: We must know why • Focus: Fred Steckhahn • Revolution for the hell of it • Opinion: Dealing with campus disorder • Faculty portrait: Mrs. Downing • Polemic, Pt. 1 • Victory in Vietnam imminent; Gentled put-ons since 1962 • Label hang-up attacked • A.C. Festival • Wrice talks at Ursinus • Letter to the editor • Weekly presents senior countdown • Save us • Whatley comments on security • Protheatre work, Thieves carnival to be presented • Weekly snag: Credibility gap • U.S.G.A.: Fast Day success, jazz concert, Student Union • Structure of antibody revealed by Edelman • Festival scheduled for Parents Day • Beardwood hosts ISC conference • Kerr to discuss college level ed. at alumni seminar • Baseball team loses 3; Two games rained out • Howard\u27s netmen win three straight • Newly organized golf team captures first two matches • Towson included on grid schedule • PMC destroys thinclads; UC to seek revenge in May • Miss Campus Chest is exposed; Do you sleep in the nude? debuts as Campus Chest grinds to a halt • Co-ed accosted by young man known as Petehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1174/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, May 15, 1969

Student plea for relevance asserted at Skytop meeting • USGA endorses USC plan; Responsible assembly called - Mass meeting held; March called off • USC makes presentation to committee • Travelin\u27 II smash hit; Tomlinson huge success • Dr. Cyrus Gordon discloses discovery • Editorials: Post mortem - Campus Chest; Agency dilemma • Focus: Chuck Williams • Letters to the editor • Thieves\u27 carnival reviewed • Schnoll bridges gap • Faculty survey • The parent as a dropout - are campus riots your fault? • Opinion: A fairy tale • Sleep away • Polemic, Pt. 2 • The women who virtually run UC • Dress regulations • Ursinus in the springtime: a photographic essay • Dr. Ramsay to speak at banquet • Heisinger captures two sprint titles; Bears place third in championships • Netmen massacre LaSalle to clinch winning season • Five athletes are honored • MAC track championship results • 1919 Nittany Lions were the toughest, says President • Softball girls defeat Trenton; Tennis, lacrosse squads win • Studio art unveiled; Bold talent shown • Spring queen, court named; Highlights Parents Day fete • Cub and Key chosen for grades, activities • Chem. students\u27 research noted • Scholar named • Alumni seminar to feature Kerr • I.F. weekend presents Clam • Bill Buckley to speak at UC graduation • Pre-med elections held • Merck presents grant to Ursinus • UC receives first payment for Library • New York Times critic makes appearance at UC • CCC appoints \u2769 advisors • Templeton to head community drive • Push-a-thon • Ruby in preparation, Centennial featuredhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1175/thumbnail.jp

A Chandra HETG Observation of the Quasar H 1821+643 and Its Surrounding Cluster

We present the high-resolution X-ray spectrum of the low-redshift quasar H 1821+643 and its surrounding hot cluster observed with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS). An iron emission line attributed to the quasar at ~6.43 keV (rest frame) is clearly resolved, with an equivalent width of ~100 eV. Although we cannot rule out contributions to the line from a putative torus, the diskline model provides an acceptable fit to this iron line. We also detect a weak emission feature at ~6.9 keV (rest frame). We suggest that both lines could originate in an accretion disk comprised of a highly ionized optically thin atmosphere sitting atop a mostly neutral disk. We search for absorption features from a warm/hot component of the intergalactic medium along the ~1.5Gpc/h line of sight to the quasar. No absorption features are detected at or above the 3 sigma level while a total of six OVI intervening absorption systems have been detected with HST and FUSE. Based on the lack of OVII and OVIII absorption lines and by assuming collisionally ionization, we constrain the gas temperature of a typical OVI absorber to 10^5 < T < 10^6 K, which is consistent with the results from hydrodynamic simulations of the intergalactic medium. The zeroth order image reveals the extended emission from the surrounding cluster. We have been able to separate the moderate CCD X-ray spectrum of the surrounding cluster from the central quasar and find that this is a hot cluster with a temperature of ~10 keV and a metal abundance of ~0.3 Zo. We also independently obtain the redshift of the cluster, which is consistent with the optical results. We estimate that the cluster makes negligible contributions to the 6.9 keV iron K line flux.Comment: 33 pages, 9 figures (2 color). Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa