Numerical evaluation of structural wall – flat slab connection

The response of the exterior shear wall to flat slab connection, subjected to the in-plane reversible cyclic load, is analyzed in the paper. The numerical analysis of the exterior wall-slab connection specimens scaled down to one third of the original size, with two types of joint detailing patterns, was conducted. The conventional pattern and a proposed nonconventional joint reinforcement detailing pattern were considered. It was established that the performance of the proposed nonconventional type of joint detailing is better compared to that of the conventional typ

Not Available

Not AvailableThe probiotic activity of Bacillus mycoides was evaluated by its effect on the haematological and biochemical factors of P. hypophthalmus. The experiment was carried out in two groups and three replicates. In control group, probiotic was not applied in diet but in treatment group, B. mycoides was administered in feed at a concentration of 107 cells per gram. In the day of thirty, 5 blood samples were drawn from every replicate for biochemical and haematological experiments. Results showed that B. mycoides addition to diet had no effect on erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and there was no significant difference among two groups. But the leucocyte count, percent of lymphocyte, serum total protein, serum albumin, IgM and lysozyme of T group was significantly higher than that of C group, whereas percent of neutrophile and monocyte of C group was significantly higher than that of T group. The results suggest that B. mycoides can stimulate immune parameters in P. hypophthalmus.Not Availabl

MICROBICIDAL POTENTIALITY OF PURIFIED ANTHOCYANIN FROM IN VITRO CULTURE OF CLERODENDRON INFORTUNATUM L. AGAINST SELECTED PATHOGENS

Objective: Clerodendron infortunatum L. is a widely used medicinal herb over centuries for curing many skin-borne disorders. The present study was designed to validate the tribal knowledge by evaluating antimicrobial potential of purified anthocyanin extracted from in vitro cell suspension culture.Methods: The explants were inoculated on murashige and skoog (MS) medium mixed with various combinations of 2, 4-D a+BAP for callus induction. Green compact callus was initiated within 30 d from the explants on MS medium fortified with benzylaminopurine (BAP) (2.0 mg/l)+2, 4-D (0.5 mg/l). Subsequently, anthocyanin was triggered from the compact callus by subculturing in the medium containing 2, 4-D and Kinetin. Cell suspension culture was also developed. Anthocyanin production was enhanced by elicitation using salicylic acid and others. Three chromatographic methods such as solid phase extraction by Sepharose C18 column, Oasis-MCX and Amberlite XAD 7+Sephadex LH 120 sorbents were used to purify the in vitro synthesized anthocyanin from the cell cultures. HPLC and molar absorptivity assay were carried to check the purity. Antimicrobial analysis was also carried using standard protocols to check minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MKC).Results: The mean purity values obtained by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPLC) were 90.9%±1.9, 80.60%±2.3 for Oasis MCX, Amberlite XAD-7+Sephadex LH-20 column respectively. However, the purity by molar absorptivity was found to be less. HPLC chromatogram revealed 12 fractions of anthocyanin. Inhibition zone diameter, MIC and MKC values obtained for the purified anthocyanin revealed its antimicrobial potentiality but at different levels among the selected bacteria and fungi. C. albicans, S. aureus, P. aerugenosa showed significant values followed by MRSA, E. coli and A. flavus. The results are comparable with the synthetic antibiotics. However, E. faecalis was more resistance. Mode of action was confirmed from the results of intracellular potassium leakage and bacterial membrane integrity analysis.Conclusion: Thus, the study confirms the efficacy of anthocyanin as natural antimicrobial and suggests the possibility of employing it as drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by the pathogens

Recent Progress on Ligand-Protected Metal Nanoclusters in Photocatalysis

The reckless use of non-replenishable fuels by the growing population for energy and the resultant incessant emissions of hazardous gases and waste products into the atmosphere have insisted that scientists fabricate materials capable of managing these global threats at once. In recent studies, photocatalysis has been employed to focus on utilizing renewable solar energy to initiate chemical processes with the aid of semiconductors and highly selective catalysts. A wide range of nanoparticles has showcased promising photocatalytic properties. Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) with sizes below 2 nm, stabilized by ligands, show discrete energy levels and exhibit unique optoelectronic properties, which are vital to photocatalysis. In this review, we intend to compile information on the synthesis, true nature, and stability of the MNCs decorated with ligands and the varying photocatalytic efficiency of metal NCs concerning changes in the aforementioned domains. The review discusses the photocatalytic activity of atomically precise ligand-protected MNCs and their hybrids in the domain of energy conversion processes such as the photodegradation of dyes, the oxygen evolution reaction (ORR), the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR)