An Unusual Case of a Gastric Xanthoma: A Case Report.

Gastric xanthomas are rare tumor-like lesions, most commonly occurring in the antral region. We set out to describe a patient with a history of Barrett\u27s esophagus status post two radiofrequency ablations (RFAs) and an endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) who developed a gastric xanthoma just below the Z-line with recurrent esophageal metaplasia. Histopathological confirmation of xanthomas are needed to rule out malignancy. While gastric xanthomas themselves are benign conditions, regular follow-up is recommended if there is a high index of suspicion of malignancy or alarming symptoms develop

Brick Walls and AdS/CFT

We discuss the relationship between the bulk-boundary correspondence in Rehren's algebraic holography (and in other 'fixed-background' approaches to holography) and in mainstream 'Maldacena AdS/CFT'. Especially, we contrast the understanding of black-hole entropy from the viewpoint of QFT in curved spacetime -- in the framework of 't Hooft's 'brick wall' model -- with the understanding based on Maldacena AdS/CFT. We show that the brick-wall modification of a Klein Gordon field in the Hartle-Hawking-Israel state on 1+2-Schwarzschild AdS (BTZ) has a well-defined boundary limit with the same temperature and entropy as the brick-wall-modified bulk theory. One of our main purposes is to point out a close connection, for general AdS/CFT situations, between the puzzle raised by Arnsdorf and Smolin regarding the relationship between Rehren's algebraic holography and mainstream AdS/CFT and the puzzle embodied in the 'correspondence principle' proposed by Mukohyama and Israel in their work on the brick-wall approach to black hole entropy. Working on the assumption that similar results will hold for bulk QFT other than the Klein Gordon field and for Schwarzschild AdS in other dimensions, and recalling the first author's proposed resolution to the Mukohyama-Israel puzzle based on his 'matter-gravity entanglement hypothesis', we argue that, in Maldacena AdS/CFT, the algebra of the boundary CFT is isomorphic only to a proper subalgebra of the bulk algebra, albeit (at non-zero temperature) the (GNS) Hilbert spaces of bulk and boundary theories are still the 'same' -- the total bulk state being pure, while the boundary state is mixed (thermal). We also argue from the finiteness of its boundary (and hence, on our assumptions, also bulk) entropy at finite temperature, that the Rehren dual of the Maldacena boundary CFT cannot itself be a QFT and must, instead, presumably be something like a string theory.Comment: 54 pages, 3 figures. Arguments strengthened in the light of B.S. Kay `Instability of Enclosed Horizons' arXiv:1310.739

17-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate Does Not Prevent Preterm Birth in Women with a Twin Pregnancy and a Prior Singleton Spontaneous Preterm Birth

INTRODUCTION: Prior spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a risk factor for recurrent sPTB. Weekly 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) is used to prevent sPTB in singletons, but there is insufficient evidence on its benefit in twin pregnancies. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that 17P weekly injections would reduce the likelihood of sPTB in women carrying a twin pregnancy with a history of singleton sPTB. METHODS: We performed a retrospective case control study of women with a twin gestation and prior singleton sPTB between 2005 and 2016. The study group consisted of women with a twin gestation that received weekly 17P starting at 16 to 20 weeks versus those who did not. The primary outcome was twin sPTB discharge. RESULTS: Of 79 patients included, 27 women received weekly 17P and 52 did not. There were no statistically significant differences in maternal demographics (except maternal age) or in the rate of sPTB controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of sPTB weeks, mean birth weight, or mode of delivery between study and control groups. Composite neonatal morbidity occurred in 20 neonates (74%) in the study group and in 41 control pregnancies (79%). DISCUSSION: Weekly 17P injections do not appear to decrease the incidence of sPTB or neonatal complications in twin pregnancies with a history of prior singleton sPTB. This study will therefore guide future patient management on this common obstetric dilemma